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Document ID ca-frsota-2002 Title From Source To Tap - The Multi-Barrier Approach To Safe Drinking Water URL https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/water-quality/source-multi-barrier-approach-safe-drinking-water-health-canada.html Jurisdiction /ca Subdomain(s) Drinking Water, Water Treatment, Source Water Protection Language en Status completed Analyzed at 2026-03-16 07:39:53.626815+00:00 Relevance National framework for drinking water safety, treatment, and source protection.

Q Qualitative Requirements (36)

Req ID Category Intent Legal Status Name Subdomain(s) Context Conditions Confidence
#Q001corrective_actionoperationalrecommendedContingency Plans and Redundanciesdrinking waterAs a safeguard, it is important for contingency plans to be in place to respond to incidents as they arise, and for redundancies to be built into the system wherever feasible.As incidents arisehigh
#Q002administrativeoperationalrecommendedFramework Review and Revisiondrinking waterOverarching legislative and policy frameworks outline who is responsible for each aspect of the drinking water system and their specific responsibilities. These frameworks should be reviewed and revised as necessary.As necessaryhigh
#Q003operationaloperationalrecommendedLandowner Best Management Practicesdrinking waterAll landowners should be encouraged through community awareness programs to implement best management practices such as protecting stream banks, providing buffer strips, and subsidizing tree planting and fencing works.high
#Q004operationaloperationalrecommendedAdherence to Standard Operating Proceduresdrinking waterStandard operating procedures should be followed to ensure treatment and distribution systems are operating at optimum levels.high
#Q005designhealthrecommendedTreatment System Design and Constructiondrinking waterIn order to safeguard public health, it is important that treatment systems be designed and constructed based on the results of source water assessments.high
#Q006designoperationalrecommendedTreatment System Review and Upgradedrinking waterThey should be regularly reviewed and upgraded as necessary.As necessaryhigh
#Q007administrativehealthrecommendedHazard and Health Risk Identificationdrinking waterIn assessing these components, potential hazards and their causes should be identified along with their associated health risks so priorities for risk management can be established.When assessing treatment componentshigh
#Q008designhealthrecommendedEstablishment of Treatment Design Criteriadrinking waterCriteria for the design and operation of the treatment system should be established to ensure public health protection objectives are met.high
#Q009treatmenthealthrecommendedUse of Certified Productsdrinking waterOnly certified products (such as chemicals, plumbing materials or water treatment devices) that meet recognized health-based performance standards should be used during treatment and distribution.During treatment and distributionhigh
#Q010operationaloperationalmandatoryMaintenance of Distribution System Qualitydrinking waterAfter treated drinking water leaves the treatment plant, its quality must be maintained throughout the distribution system.After treated drinking water leaves the treatment planthigh
#Q011treatmenthealthmandatoryDistribution System Disinfectant Maintenancedrinking waterDiligence is required on the part of the system operator to ensure sufficient disinfectant is present at all points throughout the distribution system in order to adequately protect public health.At all points throughout the distribution systemhigh
#Q012operationalhealthrecommendedCross-Connection Control Programsdrinking waterBecause it has been shown that a significant number of outbreaks are caused by breakdowns in the distribution system, authorities are encouraged to put active cross-connection control programs in place.high
#Q013designoperationalrecommendedReservoir and Distribution System Designdrinking waterTreated water reservoirs and distribution systems should be designed, constructed, reviewed and upgraded as necessary, to take the following into account: all local or provincial bylaws, best management practices, and regulations; prevention of access by wildlife and unauthorized personnel; system capacity; emergency water storage; contact time required for disinfection; minimization or elimination of dead ends, and cross-connection controls.high
#Q014operationaloperationalrecommendedManagement and Emergency Plansdrinking waterAlso important are management plans dealing with potential sources of contamination within the watershed area that may affect drinking water quality and emergency plans which include clear procedures for communicating with appropriate authorities and the public and for remediating the situation.Dealing with potential sources of contamination or emergency situationshigh
#Q015administrativeoperationalrecommendedProgram Member Knowledge and Educationdrinking waterTo this end, access to continuing education in this field is important.Applies to all members of a drinking water program including officials, regulators, and operatorshigh
#Q016operationaloperationalmandatoryIntegrated System Managementdrinking waterthe components of the water supply system - from source protection to the treatment and distribution of drinking water to consumers - must be understood and managed as a whole.In order to keep drinking water clean, safe and reliablehigh
#Q017administrativeoperationalmandatoryStakeholder Cooperationdrinking waterIt is imperative that all stakeholders - including government departments, industry, private sector companies, non-governmental organizations, and the public - work cooperatively without losing sight of the ultimate goal: the protection of public health.high
#Q018reportingreportingguidancePublic Awareness and Information Disseminationdrinking waterDrinking water programs can involve the public and increase awareness of drinking water quality issues by: Informing the public about its impact on source water quality and about available pollution mitigation measures. Informing the public about health risks and providing educational materials on issues such as water disinfection, guidelines, conservation issues, and costs of providing service. Making monitoring results or summaries available and relaying information about what the authority is doing to address the risks. Issuing regular reports about drinking water systems, including improvements and areas that need further attention. Incorporating public consultations into decision-making processes that have an effect on public health, such as the development of new guidelines and regulations.high
#Q019operationalhealthguidancePrivate Well Maintenance and Decommissioningdrinking waterWell-owners need to know how to maintain their wells and how to arrange to decommission wells that are no longer safe or needed.For owners of private drinking water systemshigh
#Q020designoperationalmandatoryTechnology and Economic Balancingdrinking waterDecision-makers must balance the need or desire to use the latest technologies against economic realities.When making treatment-related decisionshigh
#Q021administrativehealthrecommendedPolicy Alignment with Public Healthdrinking waterIt is important that policies at all levels related to the quality of drinking water support public health goals.high
#Q022monitoringhealthmandatoryPrivate System Testing Responsibilitydrinking waterowners of private drinking water systems (groundwater or surface water) ... are responsible for regularly testing the quality of their water.Applies to owners of private drinking water systemshigh
#Q023administrativereportingguidancePublic Reporting Awarenessdrinking waterIt is important that the public be aware that they can report concerns to the appropriate authority.high
#Q024corrective_actionhealthmandatoryPrivate System Contamination Response Knowledgedrinking waterOwners need to know what to do in case of microbiological or chemical contamination of their drinking water.Owners of private drinking water systemshigh
#Q025operationalhealthrecommendedHome Treatment Device Maintenancedrinking waterFor consumers who use treatment devices in their homes, the proper selection, operation and maintenance of off-the-shelf products is important to reducing the risk of illness.Consumers using home treatment deviceshigh
#Q026designhealthrecommendedTreatment Decision Public Health Prioritydrinking waterPublic health goals should be at the forefront of any treatment-related decision.high
#Q027monitoringreportingguidanceLaboratory Accreditationdrinking waterUse of accredited laboratories better ensures sampling test results are accurate.high
#Q028designoperationalguidanceAlternative Treatment Approach Equivalencydrinking waterAlternative approaches may be used if these have been demonstrated to be equivalent or better ways of achieving the same objectives.If demonstrated to be equivalent or better ways of achieving the same objectiveshigh
#Q029administrativeoperationalmandatoryFederal Jurisdiction Responsibilitydrinking waterThe federal government is responsible for drinking water under federal jurisdiction, such as on-board common carriers (e.g. ships, airplanes), in First Nations communities (shared responsibility), in military and other federal facilities, and in national parks.Applies to federal jurisdiction onlyhigh
#Q030operationaloperationalrecommendedGovernment and Industry Research Involvementdrinking waterLike other elements, all levels of government-in collaboration with universities, institutes, the water industry and other research networks-should be involved in this function [Research, disease surveillance, and associated science and technology development].high
#Q031corrective_actionoperationalguidanceBenchmarking for Source Water Protectiondrinking water, agricultural water, aquatic lifethese guidelines, and those developed for source waters, may be used as benchmarks to develop protection measures or corrective actions in watersheds and around wells and to measure the success of management practices.high
#Q032operationaloperationalmandatoryQualified Personnel Requirementdrinking waterIt also requires qualified personnel to run the various aspects of the system.high
#Q033designoperationalmandatoryBarrier Identification and Limitation Assessmentdrinking waterUnder the multi-barrier approach, all potential control barriers are identified along with their limitations.high
#Q034designoperationalmandatorySource Water Protection Plan Componentsdrinking waterThe boxes surrounding the core are comprised of; watershed / aquifer delineation, inventory of land use and contaminants, vulnerability assessment and ranking as well as the watershed / aquifer management plan.As part of source water protection management planshigh
#Q035designoperationalmandatoryTreatment Performance Standardsdrinking waterComprehensive, scientifically defensible, and achievable performance standards - based on recognized principles - are essential to ensuring the effectiveness and reliability of treatment technologies.high
#Q036administrativeoperationalmandatoryStakeholder Partnership and Communicationdrinking waterIt is essential to maintain appropriate levels of partnership and communication among stakeholders.high

P Quantitative Requirements (0)

No quantitative requirements.

D Definitions (4)

Req ID Category Name Context Confidence
#D001multi-barrier approachan integrated system of procedures, processes and tools that collectively prevent or reduce the contamination of drinking water from source to tap in order to reduce risks to public health.high
#D002source waterincludes surface waters, aquifers or groundwater recharge areashigh
#D003source water protectiona coordinated approach among stakeholders to develop short- and long-term plans to prevent, minimize, or control potential sources of pollution or enhance water quality where necessaryhigh
#D004Guidelines, standards and objectivesdrinking water quality targets to strive to achieve within their systemshigh