| Req ID | Category | Intent | Legal Status | Name | Subdomain(s) | Context | Conditions | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #Q001 | operational | treatment | recommended | Corrosion Control Practice Target | drinking water | Nevertheless, corrosion control practices should target the MAC and not the elimination of aesthetic concerns as this could jeopardize other water quality priorities such as lead control. | When implementing corrosion control practices. | high |
| #Q002 | monitoring | operational | guidance | Aesthetic Objective Localised Investigation | drinking water | Utilities may choose to use the AO to trigger a site-specific or localised water quality/corrosion investigation. | When addressing aesthetic objective (AO) exceedances or aesthetic concerns. | high |
| #Q003 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Analytical Sample Preparation for Particulate Copper | drinking water | These methods should include sample preparation to ensure that they are able to detect both dissolved and particulate copper. | When performing analytical methods to measure total copper in drinking water. | high |
| #Q004 | administrative | reporting | recommended | Guidance on Implementation | drinking water | Specific guidance related to the implementation of drinking water guidelines should be obtained from the appropriate drinking water authority in the affected jurisdiction. | When seeking specific guidance related to the implementation of drinking water guidelines. | high |
| #Q005 | treatment | health | recommended | Corrosion Control within Distribution and Plumbing Systems | drinking water | Considering that copper levels at the consumer's tap may be significantly higher than levels at the treatment plant or in the distribution system, strategies to reduce exposure to copper will need to focus on controlling corrosion within the distribution and plumbing systems. | When implementing strategies to reduce exposure to copper. | high |
| #Q006 | monitoring | health | recommended | Focus of Copper Monitoring | drinking water | Copper monitoring should focus on areas known or likely to have new copper piping and where water quality conditions are potentially corrosive (e.g., low pH, dead ends, low or high alkalinity waters) and in consecutive systems. | When conducting copper monitoring. | high |
| #Q007 | corrective_action | health | recommended | Exceedance Investigation and Corrective Actions | drinking water | An exceedance of the proposed MAC should be investigated and followed by the appropriate corrective actions to reduce the copper levels below the MAC. | In the event of an exceedance of the proposed MAC. | high |
| #Q008 | corrective_action | operational | recommended | Corrective Action Cause Assessment | drinking water | However, these actions should be based on an assessment of the cause of the exceedance using appropriate protocols, such as those found in Guidance on Controlling Corrosion in Drinking Water Distribution Systems. | When taking actions to investigate and reduce copper level exceedances. | high |
| #Q009 | monitoring | reporting | recommended | Compliance Monitoring Focus Areas | drinking water | Compliance monitoring should be conducted at the consumer's tap and focus on areas known or likely to have new copper pipe installations and should include areas or zones (geographical areas within which the quality of drinking water is considered approximately uniform) supplied by potentially corrosive water (e.g., low pH, low or high alkalinity). | When conducting compliance monitoring for typical community exposure. | high |
| #Q010 | monitoring | health | recommended | Priority Sites for Sampling | drinking water | Specifically, priority should be given to sites known to have new copper plumbing or when the water supply has a pH < 7, with or without disinfection or oxidation processes and alkalinity < 25 mg CaCO3/L, or pH >7 and alkalinity >200 mg CaCO3/L with disinfection or oxidation processes, regardless of the age of copper. | When selecting priority sites for monitoring. | high |
| #Q011 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Monitoring Requirements for Orthophosphate Treatment Systems | drinking water | A water system using orthophosphate treatment for corrosion control having a PO4 residual less than 3.3 mg PO4/L, should also monitor for copper. | When a water system uses orthophosphate treatment for corrosion control and has a PO4 residual less than 3.3 mg PO4/L. | high |
| #Q012 | monitoring | health | recommended | Monitoring at Daycare Facilities | drinking water | Daycare facilities should also be prioritized for monitoring to ensure that the most sensitive population (i.e., infants) is captured. | When prioritizing locations for compliance sampling. | high |
| #Q013 | monitoring | reporting | recommended | Sampling Frequency and Scale | drinking water | Sampling should be conducted at least once per year, with the number of sites to be monitored determined based on the size of the drinking water system and the type of building. | Routine sampling unless reduced by regulator or non-corrosive conditions. | high |
| #Q014 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Analytical Method Selection and Interferences | drinking water | In selecting an analytical method, consideration should be given to the water matrix to minimize the effect of interfering agents by using the prescribed sample pre-treatment or mitigation steps can help eliminate or decrease the effects of interfering agents. | When selecting and utilizing analytical methods for copper testing. | high |
| #Q015 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Particulate Copper Dispersion and Sample Preservation | drinking water | As such, the current protocol may underestimate total copper in drinking water when particulate copper is present and best practice for the preservation step should be considered. | When preserving samples potentially containing particulate copper. | high |
| #Q016 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Nitric Acid Addition Precautions | drinking water | It is important to note that the addition of 2% nitric acid should be undertaken by qualified personnel and using appropriate precautions. | When adding 2% nitric acid to water samples for preservation. | high |
| #Q017 | monitoring | health | recommended | Homeowner Sampling Acidification Restrictions | drinking water | To this end, if sampling is conducted by homeowners, the sample should only be acidified and held upon arrival at the laboratory. | When sampling is conducted by homeowners. | high |
| #Q018 | operational | treatment | recommended | Pilot-Scale Studies for Water Quality Changes | drinking water | Utilities should undertake pilot-scale or pipe rig studies to understand how water quality changes to control copper will affect various chemical constituents in the treated water (e.g., iron and manganese) as well as materials in the distribution system (e.g., scale stability, lead-bearing components). | When planning to adjust water quality to control copper. | high |
| #Q019 | design | operational | recommended | Water Age Considerations for Green Buildings | drinking water | As green building technology becomes more prevalent, consideration should be made for the implications of increased water age on water quality and corrosion. | When designing or operating water systems in green buildings. | medium |
| #Q020 | operational | treatment | recommended | Pilot-Scale Studies Before Water Quality Changes | drinking water | Before changing water quality to achieve a new treatment goal, such as corrosion control, utilities should undertake pilot-scale studies to understand how a proposed water quality amendment will affect various components of their distribution system. | Before changing water quality to achieve a new treatment goal. | high |
| #Q021 | operational | treatment | recommended | Test Pipe-Rigs for Mitigation Strategy | drinking water | The use of test pipe-rigs under site specific water quality conditions is recommended, as the testing process can be helpful in selecting an effective corrosion control strategy and aid in anticipating unintended impacts. | When selecting a mitigation strategy for copper. | high |
| #Q022 | operational | health | recommended | System Flushing Practices | drinking water | Periodic flushing throughout the day and extensive flushing following long stagnation periods (vacation periods, weekends) may therefore be advisable to provide suitable water quality throughout the day. | Following long stagnation periods. | high |
| #Q023 | treatment | health | recommended | Corrosion Inhibitor Additives Certification | drinking water | Health Canada recommends that water utilities choose drinking water additives, such as corrosion inhibitors, that have been certified as conforming to the applicable NSF/ANSI health-based standard. | When selecting drinking water additives like corrosion inhibitors. | high |
| #Q024 | operational | treatment | recommended | Use of Copper Pitting Mitigation Tools | drinking water | utilities should consider using the tools such as those found in Sarver et al. (2011). | To avoid or mitigate copper pitting and address key water quality changes. | high |
| #Q025 | operational | treatment | recommended | Pilot-Testing for Copper Pitting Diagnoses | drinking water | In addition, utilities should conduct pilot-testing to evaluate their particular water quality and any proposed or potential changes to water quality to both diagnose a problem and to identify workable solutions (Lytle and Schock, 2008; Lytle et al., 2012). | When diagnosing copper pitting problems or identifying solutions. | high |
| #Q026 | operational | operational | recommended | Dezincification Resistance Communication and Encouragement | drinking water | Sarver et al. (2011) suggested that utilities determine the aggressiveness of their particular water quality towards brass alloys and communicate this information to stakeholders (consumers and developers), and encourage the use of dezincification resistant brass alloys. | To address potential brass dezincification. | high |
| #Q027 | monitoring | treatment | recommended | Water Testing Prior to Treatment Device Installation | drinking water | Before a treatment device is installed, the water should be tested to determine general water chemistry and to verify the concentration of copper. | Before installing a residential drinking water treatment device. | high |
| #Q028 | monitoring | treatment | recommended | Periodic Efficacy Testing of Treatment Devices | drinking water | Periodic testing by an accredited laboratory should be conducted on both the water entering the treatment device and the finished water to verify that the treatment device is effective. | When evaluating the performance of residential treatment devices. | high |
| #Q029 | operational | treatment | recommended | Adsorption Media Longevity Verification and Device Servicing | drinking water | Consumers should verify the expected longevity of the adsorption media in their treatment device as per the manufacturer’s recommendations and service the device when required. | When using point-of-use or point-of-entry treatment devices utilizing adsorption. | high |
| #Q030 | treatment | health | recommended | Residential Treatment Device Certification Recommendation | drinking water | Health Canada strongly recommends that consumers use devices that have been certified by an accredited certification body as meeting the appropriate NSF/ANSI drinking water treatment unit standard(s). | When selecting residential drinking water treatment devices. | high |
| #Q031 | design | health | recommended | Treatment System Components Material Certification | drinking water | Health Canada strongly recommends that any components used in these treatment systems be certified to NSF/ANSI Standard 61- Drinking Water System Components Health Effects (NSF/ANSI, 2016a) and NSF/ANSI Standard 372 – Drinking Water Systems Components Lead Content (NSF/ANSI, 2016b). | For any components used in residential water treatment systems. | high |
| #Q032 | treatment | health | recommended | Mitigation Strategy Corroson Control Focus | drinking water | strategies for reducing exposure to copper from drinking water should focus on corrosion control through approaches such as water quality adjustments and the use of corrosion inhibitors. | When implementing strategies to reduce exposure to copper. | high |
| #Q033 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Sampling Best Practices for Total Metals | drinking water | Best practice leading to a better estimation of total metals include ensuring that no aliquot or volume transfers occur prior to preservation or analysis, in situ sample preservation where feasible, maintaining a minimum holding time of 16 hours after preservation, thoroughly mixing the sample prior to analysis and taking the aliquot directly from the original sample bottle | When performing sampling to estimate total metals in drinking water. | high |
| #Q034 | treatment | operational | recommended | Mitigation Strategy Multi-Metal Consideration | drinking water | The selection of a mitigation strategy for copper should take into consideration other metals present since different strategies, including water quality adjustments, may impact various metals differently. | When selecting a mitigation strategy for copper. | high |
| #Q035 | treatment | operational | mandatory | Reverse Osmosis Product Water pH Adjustment | drinking water | Since reverse osmosis (RO) continually and completely removes alkalinity in water, it will continually lower the pH of treated water and increase its corrosivity. Therefore, the product water pH must be adjusted to avoid corrosion issues in the distribution system such as the leaching of lead and copper | When using reverse osmosis (RO) treatment processes. | high |
| #Q036 | monitoring | operational | mandatory | Corrosion Inhibitor Residual Monitoring | drinking water | Measuring the concentration of inhibitors within the distribution system is part of good corrosion control practice. | For utilities using corrosion inhibitors in the distribution system. | high |
| #Q037 | prohibition | operational | recommended | Restriction on Sequestering Agents for Copper Mitigation | drinking water | Generally, the use of sequestering agents is not recommended for mitigating copper release. | When attempting to mitigate copper release in the distribution or plumbing system. | high |
| Req ID | Category | Intent | Legal Status | Name | Subdomain(s) | Limit Type | Limit Value | Context | Conditions | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #P001 | chemical | health | guideline | Total copper maximum acceptable concentration | drinking water | MAC | 2 mg/L | Proposed guideline for total copper in drinking water, based on a sample of water taken at the tap. | Based on a sample of water taken at the tap. | high |
| #P002 | chemical | aesthetic | guideline | Total copper aesthetic objective | drinking water | AO | 1 mg/L | Proposed aesthetic objective for total copper in drinking water. | high | |
| #P003 | physical | operational | recommended | Low pH monitoring trigger | drinking water | requirement | < 7 pH | Priority should be given to monitoring sites when the water supply has a low pH. | With or without disinfection or oxidation processes and alkalinity < 25 mg CaCO3/L. | high |
| #P004 | chemical | operational | recommended | Low alkalinity monitoring trigger | drinking water | requirement | < 25 mg CaCO3/L | Priority should be given to monitoring sites when the water supply has low alkalinity. | When pH < 7, with or without disinfection or oxidation processes. | high |
| #P005 | physical | operational | recommended | High pH monitoring trigger | drinking water | requirement | > 7 pH | Priority should be given to monitoring sites when the water supply has high pH coupled with high alkalinity. | Alkalinity > 200 mg CaCO3/L with disinfection or oxidation processes. | high |
| #P006 | chemical | operational | recommended | High alkalinity monitoring trigger | drinking water | requirement | > 200 mg CaCO3/L | Priority should be given to monitoring sites when the water supply has high alkalinity coupled with high pH. | pH > 7 with disinfection or oxidation processes. | high |
| #P007 | chemical | operational | recommended | PO4 residual monitoring trigger | drinking water | requirement | < 3.3 mg PO4/L | A water system using orthophosphate treatment for corrosion control having a low PO4 residual should also monitor for copper. | When using orthophosphate treatment for corrosion control. | high |
| #P008 | chemical | treatment | mandatory | Influent copper concentration for treatment device certification | drinking water | requirement | 3 mg/L | To be certified to NSF/ANSI Standard 53 for the removal of copper, the device must be capable of reducing this influent concentration. | Applies to certification of drinking water treatment units under NSF/ANSI Standard 53. | high |
| #P009 | chemical | treatment | mandatory | Final (effluent) copper concentration for treatment device certification | drinking water | requirement | < 1.3 mg/L | To be certified to NSF/ANSI Standard 53, 58, or 62 for the removal of copper, the device must achieve this maximum final effluent concentration. | From an influent concentration of 3 mg/L. | high |
| #P010 | operational | reporting | recommended | Minimum monitoring frequency | drinking water | requirement | 1 per year | Sampling frequency for copper monitoring at the tap. | Number of sites determined based on size of the system and type of building. | high |
| #P011 | design | operational | guidance | Practical quantitation limit (PQL) for copper | drinking water | requirement | 0.05 mg/L | Current practical quantitation limit (PQL) for copper as indicated by U.S. EPA. | high | |
| #P012 | physical | treatment | mandatory | Turbidity threshold for hot digestion | drinking water | requirement | > 1 NTU | Threshold for adding hydrochloric acid for hot digestion during sample preparation. | When sample turbidity is above 1 NTU. | high |
| #P013 | operational | reporting | mandatory | Sample preservation holding time | drinking water | requirement | 16 hours | Required holding time after acid preservation before analysis. | Standard acid preservation using 0.15% nitric acid. | high |
| #P014 | operational | treatment | guidance | Heat-shock temperature for blue water mitigation | drinking water | treatment_goal | > 60 °C | Short term management strategy for blue water events. | Used to mitigate microbiologically induced corrosion. | high |
| #P015 | chemical | health | guideline | Tolerable daily intake (TDI) for copper | drinking water | requirement | 426 µg/kg bw per day | The point of departure identified as the tolerable daily intake used for MAC derivation. | Based on GI effects and liver function in formula-fed infants. | high |
| #P016 | chemical | health | mandatory | Quebec copper drinking water standard | drinking water | requirement | 1.0 mg/L | Norme québécoise pour le cuivre dans l’eau potable. | Applicable for distribution systems in Quebec. | high |
| #P017 | chemical | health | guideline | Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for Adults | drinking water | requirement | 900 µg/day | Recommended daily allowance established for adults. | Applies to adults (19–70+ year-old) of both genders. | high |
| #P018 | chemical | health | guideline | Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for Adults | drinking water | requirement | 10000 µg/day | Tolerable upper intake level for copper in adults. | Based on absence of liver or GI effects. | high |
| #P019 | chemical | health | guideline | Infant average body weight for MAC calculation | drinking water | requirement | 7 kg | Average body weight of an infant used in the calculation of the proposed MAC. | Infant age group 0–6 months. | high |
| #P020 | chemical | health | guideline | Infant daily volume of tap water consumption | drinking water | requirement | 0.75 L/day | Estimated daily volume of tap water consumed by a bottle-fed infant used in the MAC calculation. | Infant age group 0–6 months. | high |
| #P021 | chemical | health | guideline | Drinking water allocation factor | drinking water | requirement | 0.5 unitless | Source contribution factor allocated to drinking water for the MAC calculation. | Based on formula representing the total diet in non-breast fed infants. | high |
| #P022 | physical | aesthetic | guidance | Copper taste threshold range | drinking water | requirement | 0.4–0.8 mg/L | Reported taste threshold values for copper in water. | high | |
| #P023 | physical | aesthetic | guidance | Visual detection threshold in bathtub | drinking water | requirement | 0.3 mg/L | Concentration at which copper becomes visible in a white bathtub. | Typical observation distance of approximately 460 mm (18 inches). | high |
| #P024 | chemical | health | guideline | WHO copper drinking water guideline | drinking water | MAC | 2 mg/L | Provisional health-based guideline value set by the World Health Organization. | Based on a provisional maximum tolerable daily intake of 0.5 mg/kg. | high |
| #P025 | chemical | treatment | mandatory | US EPA copper action level | drinking water | requirement | 1.3 mg/L | Action level established under the US EPA Lead and Copper Rule. | Applies to the 90th percentile of samples taken at customer taps. | high |
| #P026 | chemical | health | guidance | California EPA copper public health goal | drinking water | treatment_goal | 0.3 mg/L | Non-regulatory public health goal developed by California EPA. | Based on infants as a sensitive population. | high |
| #P027 | chemical | health | guideline | Australian health-based copper limit | drinking water | MAC | 2 mg/L | Level set in Australian Drinking Water Guidelines to prevent health issues. | high | |
| #P028 | chemical | aesthetic | guideline | Australian aesthetic copper limit | drinking water | AO | 1 mg/L | Level set in Australian Drinking Water Guidelines to prevent taste and staining. | high | |
| #P029 | operational | operational | mandatory | Standard nitric acid preservation concentration | drinking water | requirement | 0.15 % | Standard acid preservation concentration for total copper in water samples. | Requires a pH < 2. | high |
| #P030 | operational | operational | recommended | High-recovery nitric acid preservation concentration | drinking water | requirement | 2 % | Increased acid strength recommended for better recovery of particulate copper. | Should be undertaken by qualified personnel with appropriate precautions. | high |
| #P031 | chemical | health | guideline | Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for Children | drinking water | requirement | 340–890 µg/day | The U.S. National Academy of Medicine has established recommended daily allowances for children. | Applies to children aged 1 to 18 years. | high |
| #P032 | chemical | health | guideline | Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) for Children | drinking water | requirement | 1000–8000 µg/day | Tolerable upper intake levels for children to prevent adverse health effects. | Applies to children aged 1 to 18 years. | high |
| #P033 | chemical | health | guideline | Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) for Pregnant and Lactating Women | drinking water | requirement | 8000–10000 µg/day | UL established for pregnant and lactating women. | high | |
| #P034 | chemical | health | guideline | Adequate Intake (AI) for infants (0–6 months) | drinking water | requirement | 200 µg/day | Adequate intake based on copper levels in human milk. | Infants 0-6 months of age. | high |
| #P035 | chemical | health | guideline | Adequate Intake (AI) for infants (7–12 months) | drinking water | requirement | 220 µg/day | Adequate intake for older infants. | Infants 7-12 months of age. | high |
| #P036 | chemical | health | guideline | WHO/FAO formula copper minimum | drinking water | requirement | 35 µg/100 kcal | Recommended minimum for infant formula marketed to comply with normal nutritional requirements. | Liquid or powder infant formula. | high |
| #P037 | chemical | health | mandatory | US EPA Maximum Contaminant Level Goal/Maximum Contaminant Level | drinking water | MAC | 1.3 mg/L | US EPA health-based limit goal and level for copper in drinking water. | Based on adverse gastrointestinal tract effects following acute exposure. | high |
| #P038 | chemical | aesthetic | guidance | US EPA Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level (SMCL) | drinking water | AO | 1 mg/L | Secondary limit established by US EPA based on aesthetic considerations. | Based on taste and blue/green staining. | high |
| #P039 | design | reporting | guidance | Analytical method detection limits (MDL) range | drinking water | requirement | 0.02–500 µg/L | The method detection limits for the approved U.S. EPA methods for measuring copper. | Dependent on sample matrix, instrumentation, and operating conditions. | high |
| #P040 | design | reporting | mandatory | SM 3111B instrument detection limit | drinking water | requirement | 0.01 mg/L | Instrument detection limit for flame atomic absorption spectrometry method. | high | |
| #P041 | design | reporting | mandatory | SM 3113B estimated detection level | drinking water | requirement | 0.7 µg/L | Estimated detection level for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. | Optimum concentration range of 5–100 µg/L. | high |
| #P042 | design | reporting | mandatory | EPA 200.7 Rev 4.4 MDL | drinking water | requirement | 0.003 mg/L | Method detection limit for ICP-AES method. | high | |
| #P043 | design | reporting | mandatory | EPA 200.5 Rev 4.2 MDL | drinking water | requirement | 0.3 µg/L | Method detection limit for axially viewed ICP-AES method. | Calculated reporting limit of 0.7 µg/L. | high |
| #P044 | design | reporting | mandatory | EPA 200.8 Rev 5.4 MDL (Scanning) | drinking water | requirement | 0.5 µg/L | Method detection limit for ICP-MS in scanning mode. | Standard ICP-MS protocol. | high |
| #P045 | design | reporting | mandatory | Hach 10272 MDL | drinking water | requirement | 0.06 mg/L | Method detection limit for colorimetric Bicinchoninate Method. | high | |
| #P046 | physical | aesthetic | guidance | Broad copper taste threshold range | drinking water | requirement | 0.0035 to > 5 mg/L | Wide range of reported taste thresholds in various scientific studies. | Variability due to sensory test methods and water types used. | high |
| #P047 | physical | aesthetic | guidance | Maximum copper concentration for visible particulate in glass | drinking water | requirement | 3 mg/L | Threshold for copper particulate to be noticeable to an observer looking at a glass of water. | Standard observation of drinking glass. | high |
| #P048 | operational | treatment | guidance | Orthophosphate dosage for high alkalinity water | drinking water | treatment_goal | 3 mg/L | Orthophosphate dosage found sufficient to decrease copper release in high alkalinity water. | Alkalinity 273 CaCO3 mg/L, pH 7.4. | high |
| #P049 | chemical | health | guideline | WHO PMTDI for copper | drinking water | requirement | 0.5 mg/kg | Provisional maximum tolerable daily intake proposed by JECFA and used by WHO for the 1993 guideline. | Based on liver toxicity observed in dog studies. | high |
| #P050 | chemical | health | guideline | WHO drinking water allocation factor (1993) | drinking water | requirement | 0.1 unitless | Allocation factor used by WHO in 1993 to set the provisional health-based guideline value. | 10% of the PMTDI allocated to drinking water. | high |
| #P051 | operational | treatment | guidance | Initial sodium silicate dose (Schock) | drinking water | treatment_goal | 25–30 mg/L | Initial dose of sodium silicate used in a medium-sized utility to solve iron and leaching issues. | Increased pH from 6.3 to 7.5. | high |
| #P052 | operational | treatment | guidance | Increased sodium silicate dose (Schock) | drinking water | treatment_goal | 45–55 mg/L | Increased sodium silicate dose to achieve greater reductions in metal levels. | Increased pH to 7.5. | high |
| #P053 | operational | treatment | guidance | Sodium silicate dose (Lintereur - Low) | drinking water | treatment_goal | 3 mg/L | Low dose tested in sodium silicate comparison study. | high | |
| #P054 | operational | treatment | guidance | Sodium silicate dose (Lintereur - Mid) | drinking water | treatment_goal | 6 mg/L | Middle dose tested in sodium silicate comparison study. | high | |
| #P055 | operational | treatment | guidance | Sodium silicate dose (Lintereur - High) | drinking water | treatment_goal | 12 mg/L | High dose tested in sodium silicate comparison study showing lowest copper release. | high | |
| #P056 | operational | treatment | guidance | Sodium silicate treatment (Woszczynski) | drinking water | treatment_goal | 18 mg-Si/L | Treatment dosage used in comparison study against phosphate. | pH 7.3 and pH 6.3. | high |
| #P057 | operational | treatment | guidance | Phosphate treatment (Woszczynski) | drinking water | treatment_goal | 0.8 mg-PO4/L | Treatment dosage used in comparison study against silicate. | pH 7.3. | high |
| #P058 | chemical | health | guideline | Typical human milk copper level | drinking water | requirement | 200–250 µg/L | Copper levels in human milk used as a basis for infant adequate intakes. | high |
| Req ID | Category | Name | Context | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #D001 | RDA | the average daily intake level sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of 97.5% of the apparently healthy population of a given sex and age | high | |
| #D002 | Alkalinity | a measure of the capacity of the water to neutralize acids and serves to control the buffer intensity of most water systems | medium | |
| #D003 | AD | Alzheimer’s disease | high | |
| #D004 | ANSI | American National Standards Institute | high | |
| #D005 | AO | aesthetic objective | high | |
| #D006 | BMD | benchmark dose | high | |
| #D007 | BMDL05 | 95% lower confidence limit on the benchmark dose for a 5% change in effect | high | |
| #D008 | BMDL10 | 95% lower confidence limit on the benchmark dose for a 10% change in effect | high | |
| #D009 | bw | body weight | high | |
| #D010 | CAS | Chemical Abstracts Service | high | |
| #D011 | Cp | caeruloplasmin | high | |
| #D012 | Cu | copper | high | |
| #D013 | CSMR | chloride to sulphate mass ratio | high | |
| #D014 | Cu(I) | cuprous ion | high | |
| #D015 | Cu(II) | cupric ion | high | |
| #D016 | DIC | dissolved inorganic carbonate | high | |
| #D017 | DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid | high | |
| #D018 | DO | dissolved oxygen | high | |
| #D019 | EPA | Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.) | high | |
| #D020 | EPS | exopolymeric substances | high | |
| #D021 | GAC | granular activated carbon | high | |
| #D022 | GGT | gamma glutamyl transferase | high | |
| #D023 | GI | gastrointestinal | high | |
| #D024 | GM | geometric mean | high | |
| #D025 | GOT | glutamic-oxaloacetic aminotransferase | high | |
| #D026 | ICT | idiopathic copper toxicosis | high | |
| #D027 | IUDs | intrauterine devices | high | |
| #D028 | LOAEL | lowest observed adverse effect level | high | |
| #D029 | MAC | maximum acceptable concentration | high | |
| #D030 | MT | metallothionein | high | |
| #D031 | MDL | method detection limit | high | |
| #D032 | MIC | microbiologically influenced corrosion | high | |
| #D033 | MKD | Menkes’ disease | high | |
| #D034 | NOAEL | no observed adverse effect level | high | |
| #D035 | NOM | natural organic matter | high | |
| #D036 | NPC | National Plumbing Code of Canada | high | |
| #D037 | NSF | NSF International | high | |
| #D038 | NTU | nephelometric turbidity unit | high | |
| #D039 | OHS | occipital horn syndrome | high | |
| #D040 | ORP | redox potential | high | |
| #D041 | PEX | cross-linked polyethylene | high | |
| #D042 | POU | point of use (device) | high | |
| #D043 | PQL | practical quantitation limit | high | |
| #D044 | RDA (Acronym) | recommended daily allowance | high | |
| #D045 | RO | reverse osmosis | high | |
| #D046 | SD | standard deviation | high | |
| #D047 | SOD | superoxide dismutase | high | |
| #D048 | TBARS | thiobarbituric acid reactive substances | high | |
| #D049 | TDS | total diet study | high | |
| #D050 | TIC | Tyrolean infantile cirrhosis | high | |
| #D051 | WD | Wilson’s disease | high | |
| #D052 | WHO | World Health Organization | high | |
| #D053 | zones | geographical areas within which the quality of drinking water is considered approximately uniform | high | |
| #D054 | total copper | referring to all of the major oxidation states | high | |
| #D055 | copper | referring to both Cu(I) and Cu(II), which cycle from one to the other, are soluble, bioavailable, and considered the most relevant from a toxicological standpoint | high | |
| #D056 | free copper | loosely bound to albumin and low-molecular weight molecules | high | |
| #D057 | Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) | results from a reaction between the pipe material and organisms, their metabolic by-products, or both | high | |
| #D058 | Wilson’s disease (WD) | an hepatolenticular degeneration | high | |
| #D059 | LD50 | Oral lethal doses | high | |
| #D060 | ULs | tolerable upper intake levels | high | |
| #D061 | TDI | tolerable daily intake | high | |
| #D062 | Brasses | alloys of copper and zinc, with other minor constituents, such as lead | high | |
| #D063 | 5-hydroxytryptamine-4 receptors | receptor subtypes that respond to serotonin | high | |
| #D064 | PMTDI | provisional maximum tolerable daily intake | high | |
| #D065 | MCLG | maximum contaminant level goal | high | |
| #D066 | MCL | maximum contaminant level | high | |
| #D067 | SMCL | secondary Maximum Contaminant Level | high | |
| #D068 | Institute of Medicine (IOM) | The U.S. National Academy of Medicine (formerly called the Institute of Medicine) | high | |
| #D069 | dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) | Alkalinity is generally used interchangeably with dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). | high | |
| #D070 | Pitting corrosion | a form of non-uniform corrosion in all types of copper pipe and tubing and can ultimately lead to pinhole leaks | high | |
| #D071 | ATPase7B | the transporter affected in Wilson’s disease | high | |
| #D072 | ATP7A | the transporter affected by Menkes disease | high | |
| #D073 | Cp | a ferroxidase synthesized and bound to copper within the liver, for the delivery of the nutrient to peripheral tissues | high | |
| #D074 | ICP-AES | inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy | high | |
| #D075 | ICP-MS | inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy | high | |
| #D076 | SCC | Standards Council of Canada | high | |
| #D077 | ROS | reactive oxygen species | high | |
| #D078 | DIC | dissolved inorganic carbon | high | |
| #D079 | Cu(III) | trivalent copper ion | high | |
| #D080 | OH• | hydroxyl radical | high |