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Document ID ca-bdwcd-2015-11-27 Title Bromate in Drinking Water consultation document URL https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/programs/bromate-drinking-water/bromate-drinking-water.html Jurisdiction /ca Subdomain(s) Drinking water, Water quality standards, Treatment methods, Monitoring and analysis Language en Status completed Analyzed at 2026-03-17 13:49:57.080548+00:00 Relevance Proposed drinking water guideline covering monitoring, analysis, and treatment.

56 Qualitative 21 Quantitative 107 Definitions

Q Qualitative Requirements (56)

Req ID	Category	Intent	Legal Status	Name	Subdomain(s)	Context	Conditions	Confidence
#Q001	operational	operational	recommended	Process optimization for ozonation facilities	drinking water	For ozonation facilities, fluctuations in water quality may require treatment process adjustments to minimize bromate formation. As such, water utilities should be aware of how their process responds to water quality changes and adjust their treatment goals accordingly to optimize their process and minimize bromate formation.	Applies to facilities using ozonation	high
#Q002	operational	operational	recommended	Best practices for hypochlorite solutions	drinking water	For facilities using hypochlorite solutions, bromate concentrations in drinking water can be minimized by applying the following best practices: 1. Use treatment chemicals that are certified as meeting NSF International (NSF)/American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard 60. 2. For water utilities using on-site systems for the generation of hypochlorite, use a low-bromide salt. 3. Follow the handling and storage recommendations outlined in Appendix B. 4. Establish a quality control program to verify product quality and manage solution storage.	Applies to facilities using hypochlorite solutions	high
#Q003	monitoring	reporting	recommended	Bromate monitoring frequency	drinking water	At a minimum, quarterly monitoring of treated water from surface water and groundwater sources for bromate is recommended at facilities using ozone or hypochlorite solutions.	Facilities using ozone or hypochlorite solutions	high
#Q004	monitoring	reporting	recommended	Bromate sampling location (treated water)	drinking water	Samples should be collected after treatment at the water treatment plant or well and before water is distributed.		high
#Q005	monitoring	reporting	recommended	Bromate sampling at rechlorination stations	drinking water	In systems with rechlorination stations using hypochlorite solutions, quarterly samples should also be collected where rechlorinated water enters the distribution system.	Systems with rechlorination stations using hypochlorite solutions	high
#Q006	reporting	reporting	recommended	Compliance calculation method	drinking water	The guideline value should be compared with the locational running average of quarterly samples, as bromate levels can vary significantly over time, including seasonally, with factors such as the levels of organic matter in the raw water, temperature, and the handling and storage of hypochlorite solutions.		high
#Q007	operational	operational	recommended	Source water characterization for ozone facilities	drinking water	For facilities using ozone, water utilities should have a good understanding of the sources and concentration of bromide in their source waters and the seasonal variability of water quality parameters that may affect the formation of bromate (e.g., pH, alkalinity, organic matter, ammonia).	Facilities using ozone	high
#Q008	monitoring	reporting	recommended	Bromide monitoring in raw water	drinking water	Quarterly monitoring of bromide in raw water is recommended in conjunction with treated water bromate monitoring, but this frequency may be reduced if drinking water monitoring for bromate does not show elevated levels.	Facilities using ozone	high
#Q009	treatment	treatment	recommended	Universal disinfection recommendation	drinking water	In general, all drinking water supplies should be disinfected.		high
#Q010	treatment	treatment	recommended	Disinfectant residual maintenance	drinking water	Where applicable, an adequate concentration of disinfectant residual should be maintained throughout the distribution system at all times.		high
#Q011	monitoring	operational	recommended	Sample container requirements	drinking water	Samples should be collected in precleaned opaque plastic or amber glass bottles containing the appropriate quenching agent for the analytical method.		high
#Q012	monitoring	operational	recommended	Sample pretreatment	drinking water	Sample pretreatment methods should remove high concentrations of chloride, which may interfere with bromate measurement.		high
#Q013	administrative	reporting	mandatory	MDL Establishment Criteria	drinking water	MDLs must be established using specific quality control criteria.		high
#Q014	administrative	reporting	mandatory	MRL Quality Control Requirement	drinking water	MRLs can be used only if acceptable quality control criteria are met (U.S. EPA, 1997a, 1997b, 2001b, 2002, 2009a, 2009b).		high
#Q015	administrative	reporting	recommended	Laboratory coordination for MDLs/MRLs	drinking water	Water utilities should discuss sampling requirements with the accredited laboratory conducting the analysis to ensure that quality control procedures are met and that MDLs/MRLs are low enough to ensure accurate monitoring at concentrations close to the proposed MAC.		high
#Q016	administrative	reporting	recommended	Analytical method performance measures	drinking water	Water utilities should establish performance measures when specifying which analytical method to use (i.e., sample volume, sampling requirements, sample preservation and storage, MDL).		high
#Q017	treatment	treatment	mandatory	Disinfection effectiveness priority	drinking water	Process optimization to reduce the formation of DBPs, including bromate, must not compromise the effectiveness of disinfection.		high
#Q018	administrative	health	recommended	NSF/ANSI 60 certification for hypochlorite	drinking water	Water utilities should specify hypochlorite treatment chemicals that are certified as meeting NSF/ANSI Standard 60 in their purchasing documents (NSF/ANSI, 2014).	Utilities using hypochlorite solutions	high
#Q019	administrative	health	mandatory	SPAC Compliance for Manufacturers	drinking water	Manufacturers of certified hypochlorite treatment chemicals are required to meet this SPAC to safeguard drinking water quality.		high
#Q020	administrative	operational	recommended	Quality control program for hypochlorite	drinking water	It is recommended that water utilities establish a quality control program to verify product quality and manage solution storage.	Utilities using hypochlorite solutions	high
#Q021	monitoring	reporting	recommended	Bromide testing for rainwater/snowmelt sources	drinking water	Water sources that are highly dependent on rainwater or snowmelt should also be tested to determine the bromide concentration in raw water, particularly if drinking water is disinfected using ozonation or chlorination	Sources dependent on rainwater or snowmelt using ozonation or chlorination	high
#Q022	operational	operational	recommended	Source water bromide characterization	drinking water	Water utilities should have a good understanding of the bromide concentrations in their source water to control the formation of bromate and other brominated DBPs.		high
#Q023	administrative	reporting	recommended	MRL evaluation for bromide analytical methods	drinking water	Water utilities should ensure that the MRL is low enough for their purposes when specifying which analytical method to use		high
#Q024	design	treatment	recommended	Ozone dosing location optimization	drinking water	The location where O3 will be dosed should be established as it relates to treatment objectives (i.e., pre-ozonation or intermediate ozonation).	Systems using ozone	high
#Q025	operational	operational	recommended	Seasonal ozone dose optimization	drinking water	Water utilities should be aware of seasonal changes to optimize the applied O3 dose at all times while minimizing the formation of bromate and other DBPs.	Systems using ozone	high
#Q026	monitoring	operational	recommended	Ozonation process monitoring	drinking water	Water quality, O3 consumption and energy consumption should be monitored to ensure that treatment objectives are met.	Systems using ozone	high
#Q027	treatment	treatment	mandatory	No compromise to disinfection via DBP control	drinking water	It is critical that the effectiveness of disinfection not be compromised by any method used to control DBP concentrations in drinking water.		high
#Q028	operational	operational	recommended	Temperature effect awareness	drinking water	As water utilities cannot adjust the temperature during water treatment, they should be aware of seasonal changes and how their process responds for bromate and other DBP formation, so that they can adjust their water quality goals accordingly (Gillogly et al., 2001).		high
#Q029	operational	operational	recommended	NOM characterization	drinking water	Water utilities should have a good understanding of their water source and the nature and generation of NOM, whether it changes seasonally and how it relates to O3 demand and bromate formation.		high
#Q030	operational	treatment	mandatory	Ammonia addition consideration requirements	drinking water	As increased pH affects disinfection targets, water utilities must consider water quality characteristics when implementing ammonia addition as a control strategy.	When implementing ammonia addition	high
#Q031	prohibition	treatment	recommended	Prohibition of H2O2 addition with disinfection	drinking water	If treatment objectives include both advanced oxidation and disinfection, H2O2 addition is not recommended (Hofmann, 2014).	When treatment objectives include both advanced oxidation and disinfection	high
#Q032	operational	operational	recommended	Ozone system optimization strategies	drinking water	First, water utilities should have a good understanding of their source water characteristics (e.g., bromide, temperature, pH, alkalinity, NOM and ammonia), as well as how these change on a seasonal basis. Second, the O3 design dose should be determined relative to treatment objectives (e.g., disinfection, taste and odour control, colour removal, etc.) and seasonal source water characteristics. The location where O3 will be dosed (pre-ozonation or intermediate ozonation) should also be established as it relates to treatment objectives.	Municipal systems using ozone	high
#Q033	operational	operational	mandatory	Control strategy trade-off consideration	drinking water	Water utilities must consider the trade-offs when implementing these control strategies, as outlined in Sections 7.3.4 and 7.3.7.	When implementing pH depression, ammonia, or chlorine-ammonia addition control strategies	high
#Q034	design	treatment	recommended	Pre-ozonation pilot testing	drinking water	Bench- or pilot-scale testing is recommended prior to selecting ozonation to ensure it is the most appropriate solution with respect to water quality characteristics, treatment objectives and bromate formation.	Prior to selecting ozonation	high
#Q035	treatment	treatment	recommended	Private supply disinfection recommendation	drinking water	All water supplies should be disinfected, including in cases where an individual household obtains its drinking water from a private supply.	Individual households with private supplies	high
#Q036	operational	operational	recommended	Household hypochlorite handling precautions	drinking water	The precautions outlined in Section 7.2.2 should be followed when individual households use hypochlorite solutions as the source of chlorine to disinfect their water.	Individual households using hypochlorite solutions	high
#Q037	monitoring	reporting	recommended	Bromide testing for private ozone systems	drinking water	Where ozone is used as the primary disinfectant, the water should be tested to determine bromide concentrations and other water quality characteristics.	Where ozone is used as primary disinfectant (residential/private)	high
#Q038	treatment	treatment	recommended	Certification of residential treatment devices	drinking water	Health Canada does not recommend specific brands of drinking water treatment devices, but it strongly recommends that consumers use devices that have been certified by an accredited certification body as meeting the appropriate NSF/ANSI drinking water treatment unit standards.	When consumers use residential treatment devices	high
#Q039	administrative	unknown	mandatory	Accreditation requirement for certification organizations	drinking water	Certification organizations provide assurance that a product conforms to applicable standards and must be accredited by the Standards Council of Canada (SCC).		high
#Q040	treatment	treatment	recommended	NSF/ANSI Standard compliance for residential devices	drinking water	it is recommended that drinking water treatment devices certified as meeting NSF/ANSI Standard 58 (Reverse Osmosis Drinking Water Treatment Systems), NSF/ANSI Standard 62 (Drinking Water Distillation Systems) or NSF/ANSI Standard 53 (Drinking Water Treatment Units - Health Effects) be used.	When consumers use residential treatment devices for bromate removal	high
#Q041	design	operational	recommended	Point-of-use installation for RO and distillation	drinking water	Water that has been treated using RO or distillation may be corrosive to internal plumbing components. Therefore, these devices should be installed only at the point of use. In addition, these two types of drinking water treatment systems are intended only for point-of-use installation, as large quantities of influent water are needed to obtain the required volume of treated water, and are generally not practical for point-of-entry installation at the residential scale.	When installing RO or distillation devices	high
#Q042	monitoring	operational	recommended	Verification testing of residential treatment devices	drinking water	Periodic testing by an accredited laboratory should be conducted on both the water entering the treatment device and the finished water to verify that the treatment device is effective.	For consumers using residential treatment devices	high
#Q043	operational	operational	recommended	Maintenance of residential treatment devices	drinking water	Consumers should verify the expected longevity of the components in their treatment device according to the manufacturer's recommendations and service it when required.	For consumers using residential treatment devices	high
#Q044	operational	operational	recommended	Dilution of hypochlorite solutions	drinking water	1. Dilute stored hypochlorite solutions upon delivery	Handling and storage of hypochlorite solutions	high
#Q045	operational	operational	recommended	Temperature control for hypochlorite storage	drinking water	2. Store the hypochlorite solutions at lower temperatures: ... To minimize temperature increases, the product should be stored out of direct sunlight.	Handling and storage of hypochlorite solutions	high
#Q046	operational	operational	recommended	pH control for hypochlorite storage	drinking water	3. Control the pH of stored hypochlorite solutions at pH 11−13. even after dilution: Storage of concentrated hypochlorite solutions at pH values lower than 11 is not recommended ... utilities should continue to insist that manufacturer specifications include pH control in the range of 11−13.	Handling and storage of hypochlorite solutions	high
#Q047	operational	operational	recommended	Use timeline for OSG hypochlorite	drinking water	Given the typical pH range of On-Site Generation (OSG) hypochlorite (pH 9 − 10), such solutions should be used as soon as possible after manufacture and should not be stored for more than 1−2 days.	When using OSG hypochlorite	high
#Q048	operational	operational	recommended	Removal of transition metal ions	drinking water	4. Control the removal of transition metal ions by purchasing filtered hypochlorite solutions and by using low-metal ion concentration feed water for the OSG systems and dilution water	Handling and storage of hypochlorite solutions	high
#Q049	operational	operational	recommended	Use of fresh hypochlorite solutions	drinking water	5. Use fresh hypochlorite solutions when possible: ... Rotate stock and minimize the quantity of aged product in storage tanks prior to the delivery of new product.	Handling and storage of hypochlorite solutions	high
#Q050	operational	operational	recommended	Low-bromide salt for OSG hypochlorite	drinking water	6. For utilities using OSG hypochlorite, use a low-bromide salt to minimize the amount of bromide present in the brine	Utilities using OSG hypochlorite	high
#Q051	administrative	reporting	recommended	Implementation guidance source	drinking water	Specific guidance related to the implementation of drinking water guidelines should be obtained from the appropriate drinking water authority in the affected jurisdiction.		high
#Q052	monitoring	operational	guidance	Sample transportation and storage temperature	drinking water	Temperature specifications may apply during transportation and storage of samples.		high
#Q053	operational	operational	recommended	Ozone system optimization goal	drinking water	The goal for optimized system operation should be to meet treatment objectives with the lowest possible O3 dose (Rakness et al., 1996).	Systems using ozone	high
#Q054	operational	operational	recommended	Hypochlorite verification program	drinking water	AWWA Standard B300 also recommends a verification program to confirm that hypochlorite treatment chemicals meet specifications (ANSI/AWWA, 2010).	Facilities using hypochlorite solutions	high
#Q055	administrative	reporting	recommended	Bromide MDL recommendation	drinking water	A minimum MDL of 0.01 mg/L (10 µg/L) is recommended for bromide (Westerhoff, 2014).		high
#Q056	treatment	treatment	guidance	Biologically active filtration necessity	drinking water	As a result, biologically active filtration may be necessary.	Where ozone use increases biologically available organic content	high

P Quantitative Requirements (21)

Req ID	Category	Intent	Legal Status	Name	Subdomain(s)	Limit Type	Limit Value	Context	Conditions	Confidence
#P001	chemical	health	guideline	Bromate	drinking water	MAC	0.01 mg/L	Proposed guideline based on a locational running annual average of a minimum of quarterly samples		high
#P002	chemical	health	guideline	Bromate	drinking water	MAC	10 µg/L	Proposed guideline based on a locational running annual average of a minimum of quarterly samples		high
#P003	chemical	health	mandatory	Bromate	drinking water	requirement	0.0033 mg/L	Single product allowable concentration (SPAC) for bromate under NSF/ANSI Standard 60	When hypochlorite is dosed at its maximum use level (MUL)	high
#P004	operational	treatment	guideline	Chlorine	drinking water	requirement	10 mg Cl2/L	Maximum use level (MUL) for hypochlorite dosing		high
#P005	operational	treatment	mandatory	Bromide	drinking water	requirement	<= 54 mg/kg	Maximum amount of bromide permitted in salt used for on-site generation of hypochlorite solutions	Provided there is no bromide in the water used for brine	high
#P006	operational	treatment	mandatory	Bromide	drinking water	requirement	<= 36 ppm	Maximum allowable bromide in salt for on-site generation of hypochlorite solutions	When there is 0.5 mg/L of bromide in the water used for brine	high
#P007	operational	treatment	mandatory	Bromide	drinking water	requirement	<= 18 ppm	Maximum allowable bromide in salt for on-site generation of hypochlorite solutions	When there is 1.0 mg/L of bromide in the water used for brine	high
#P008	operational	reporting	recommended	Bromide	drinking water	requirement	0.01 mg/L	Recommended minimum method detection limit (MDL) for bromide analysis		high
#P009	chemical	health	guideline	Bromate (Health-Based Value - Cancer)	drinking water	treatment_goal	0.004 mg/L	HBV associated with an excess lifetime cancer risk of 10^-5	Based on mesotheliomas of the tunica vaginalis in male rats	high
#P010	chemical	health	guideline	Bromate (Health-Based Value - Non-cancer PBPK)	drinking water	treatment_goal	0.04 mg/L	HBV for non-cancer effects using PBPK model and human equivalent concentrations	Based on renal pelvis urothelial hyperplasia in rats	high
#P011	chemical	health	guideline	Bromate (Health-Based Value - Non-cancer Default)	drinking water	treatment_goal	0.016 mg/L	HBV for non-cancer effects using default risk assessment approach (no PBPK)	Based on renal pelvis urothelial hyperplasia in rats	high
#P012	unknown	reporting	guidance	Measurable Concentration (Quantification Level)	drinking water	requirement	0.005 mg/L	Concentration considered measurable by laboratories within reasonable limits of precision and accuracy using U.S. EPA-approved methods		high
#P013	unknown	reporting	guidance	Achievable Minimum Reporting Level (MRL)	drinking water	requirement	<= 0.003 mg/L	MRL achievable by commercial laboratories to ensure accurate monitoring at concentrations close to the proposed MAC		high
#P014	operational	operational	recommended	Hypochlorite Storage pH	drinking water	requirement	11 - 13 pH units	Control the pH of stored hypochlorite solutions even after dilution	To minimize decomposition and contaminant formation	high
#P015	operational	reporting	recommended	Monitoring Frequency (Treated Water)	drinking water	requirement	quarterly frequency	Minimum monitoring of treated water from surface water and groundwater sources for bromate at facilities using ozone or hypochlorite solutions	Samples should be collected after treatment and before distribution	high
#P016	operational	treatment	guidance	Dissolved Oxygen for Biological Activated Carbon (BAC)	drinking water	requirement	< 2 mg/L	Dissolved oxygen concentration required to support bromate-reducing biomass in BAC filters		high
#P017	chemical	health	mandatory	Bromate (OSG Maximum Total)	drinking water	requirement	0.003 mg/L	Total concentration of bromate permitted for on-site hypochlorite generators delivering lower maximum feed concentrations of chlorine	Per NSF/ANSI Standard 60 (2013)	high
#P018	radiological	health	guidance	"Essentially Negligible" Excess Cancer Risk (Lower Bound)	drinking water	requirement	10^-6 excess risk	Definition of essentially negligible risk used in the context of drinking water guidelines	Exposure over a lifetime	high
#P019	radiological	health	guidance	"Essentially Negligible" Excess Cancer Risk (Upper Bound)	drinking water	requirement	10^-5 excess risk	Definition of essentially negligible risk used in the context of drinking water guidelines	Exposure over a lifetime	high
#P020	operational	reporting	recommended	Raw Water Bromide Monitoring Frequency	drinking water	requirement	quarterly frequency	Monitoring of bromide in raw water for facilities using ozone	In conjunction with treated water bromate monitoring; frequency may be reduced if bromate levels are not elevated	high
#P021	operational	operational	recommended	OSG Hypochlorite Storage Duration	drinking water	requirement	<= 2 days	Maximum recommended storage duration for On-Site Generation (OSG) hypochlorite solutions	Due to typical pH range of 9-10	high

D Definitions (107)

Req ID	Name	Context	Confidence
#D001	essentially negligible	a range from one new cancer above background levels per 100 000 people to one new cancer above background levels per 1 million people (i.e., 10−5-10−6)	high
#D002	MDLs	the minimum concentration that can be identified, measured and reported with 99% confidence that the analyte concentration is greater than zero	medium
#D003	MRLs	the minimum concentration that laboratories feel confident reporting to data users	medium
#D004	NOM	a term used to describe the complex composition of organic material present in source waters	high
#D005	8-OHdG	8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine	high
#D006	8-oxodG	8-oxodeoxyguanosine	high
#D007	AF	allocation factor	high
#D008	ANSI	American National Standards Institute	high
#D009	AUC	area under the plasma concentration-time curve	high
#D010	AUC d	daily area under the plasma concentration-time curve	high
#D011	AWWA	American Water Works Association	high
#D012	BAC	biologically active carbon	high
#D013	BAT	best available technology	high
#D014	BBNa	barbital sodium	high
#D015	BMD	benchmark dose	high
#D016	BMD 10	benchmark dose for a 10% response	high
#D017	BMDL 10	lower 95% confidence limit on the benchmark dose for a 10% response	high
#D018	BMDS	Benchmark Dose Software	high
#D019	BrdU	bromodeoxyuridine	high
#D020	BV	bed volume	high
#D021	bw	body weight	high
#D022	BW	body weight	high
#D023	CAS	Chemical Abstracts Service	high
#D024	C avg	average plasma concentration	high
#D025	CFIA	Canadian Food Inspection Agency	high
#D026	C max	peak plasma concentration	high
#D027	DBP	disinfection by-product	high
#D028	DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid	high
#D029	DO	dissolved oxygen	high
#D030	DOC	dissolved organic carbon	high
#D031	dUTP	2′-deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate	high
#D032	EBCT	empty bed contact time	high
#D033	ED	electrodialysis	high
#D034	EDR	electrodialysis reversal	high
#D035	EHEN	_N_ -ethyl- _N_ -hydroxyethylnitrosamine	high
#D036	EPA	Environmental Protection Agency (United States)	high
#D037	GAC	granular activated carbon	high
#D038	GSH	glutathione	high
#D039	HAA	haloacetic acid	high
#D040	HBV	health-based value	high
#D041	IARC	International Agency for Research on Cancer	high
#D042	ILSI	International Life Sciences Institute	high
#D043	IPCS	International Programme on Chemical Safety	high
#D044	LD 50	median lethal dose	high
#D045	LOAEL	lowest-observed-adverse-effect level	high
#D046	MAC	maximum acceptable concentration	high
#D047	MDL	method detection limit	high
#D048	MOA	mode of action	high
#D049	MRL	minimum reporting level	high
#D050	MUL	maximum use level	high
#D051	NOAEL	no-observed-adverse-effect level	high
#D052	NOEL	no-observed-effect level	high
#D053	NOM	natural organic matter	high
#D054	NSF	NSF International	high
#D055	NTP	National Toxicology Program (United States)	high
#D056	PAC	powdered activated carbon	high
#D057	PBPK	physiologically based pharmacokinetic	high
#D058	PCR	post-column reagent acid dissociation constant	low
#D059	ppm	parts per million	high
#D060	PQL	practical quantitation level	high
#D061	RO	reverse osmosis	high
#D062	SCC	Standards Council of Canada	high
#D063	SPAC	single product allowable concentration	high
#D064	SUVA	specific UV 254 absorbance triiodothyronine thyroxine	low
#D065	TBARS	thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances	high
#D066	TDI	tolerable daily intake	high
#D067	TDS	total dissolved solids	high
#D068	THM	trihalomethane	high
#D069	TOC	total organic carbon	high
#D070	TSH	thyroid stimulating hormone	high
#D071	TUNEL	terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling	high
#D072	UF	uncertainty factor	high
#D073	UL	Underwriters Laboratories	high
#D074	UV	ultraviolet	high
#D075	UV 254	ultraviolet absorbance at a wavelength of 254 nm	high
#D076	UV/VIS	ultraviolet/visible	high
#D077	pKa	acid dissociation constant	high
#D078	T3	triiodothyronine	high
#D079	T4	thyroxine	high
#D080	AUCd	daily area under the plasma concentration-time curve	high
#D081	BMD10	benchmark dose for a 10% response	high
#D082	BMDL10	lower 95% confidence limit on the benchmark dose for a 10% response	high
#D083	Cavg	average plasma concentration	high
#D084	Cmax	peak plasma concentration	high
#D085	LD50	median lethal dose	high
#D086	PCR	post-column reagent	high
#D087	SUVA	specific UV 254 absorbance	high
#D088	CPlavg	average plasma concentration	high
#D089	Urothelial hyperplasia	an increase in the number of layers of urothelial cells that line the renal pelvis and papillae	high
#D090	hydroxyl radicals	a decomposition product of ozone	high
#D091	reactive bromine	the acid/base pair hypobromous acid (HOBr) and hypobromite ion (OBr−)	high
#D092	HOBr	hypobromous acid	high
#D093	OBr−	hypobromite ion	high
#D094	SPAC	the maximum concentration that can be contributed to drinking water when hypochlorite is dosed at its MUL, typically based on dosing up to 10 mg Cl2/L	high
#D095	SUVA	UV254/DOC	high
#D096	8-oxodG	an indicator of pro-mutagenic DNA damage	high
#D097	AOP	advanced oxidation process	high
#D098	BMDL10	lower 95% confidence limit on the exposure level at which a 10% increased incidence (over background levels) would be expected in the study population	high
#D099	PCR	post-column reagent	high
#D100	pKa	acid dissociation constant	high
#D101	T3	triiodothyronine	high
#D102	T4	thyroxine	high
#D103	Ogg1	messenger ribonucleic acid for an enzyme that repairs DNA damaged by oxidative stress	high
#D104	NHMRC	National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia	high
#D105	OBr	bromine oxide radicals	high
#D106	BrO2−	bromite	high
#D107	Br	bromine radicals	high