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Document ID ca-bc-cgbc-1993 Title Chemigation Guidelines for British Columbia URL https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/farming-natural-resources-and-industry/agriculture-and-seafood/agricultural-land-and-environment/water/irrigation/578100-1_chemigation_guidelines_for_british_columbia.pdf Jurisdiction /ca/bc Subdomain(s) Irrigation, Drinking Water, Regulatory Compliance Language en Status completed Analyzed at 2026-03-15 05:24:30.072402+00:00 Relevance Technical guidelines and regulatory standards for irrigation and backflow prevention.

Q Qualitative Requirements (49)

Req ID Category Intent Legal Status Name Subdomain(s) Context Conditions Confidence
#Q001prohibitionhealthmandatoryPesticide Application Restrictionagricultural waterDispensers must not sell and applicators must not use pesticides for purposes other than those described on the label unless authorization from provincial authorities is obtained.Pesticide usehigh
#Q002prohibitionhealthmandatoryPesticide Label Specificationagricultural waterInjection of a pesticide into an irrigation system is allowed only if this method of application is specified on the label.Pesticide injection into irrigation systemshigh
#Q003monitoringhealthrecommendedBackflow Prevention Device Testing Frequencyagricultural waterBackflow prevention devices should be tested upon installation and once every year after that.high
#Q004administrativehealthmandatoryBackflow Device Tester Certificationagricultural waterThe device must be tested by a certified tester who is familiar with the design and intended operation of the device.Device testinghigh
#Q005operationaloperationalmandatoryRunoff and Leaching Preventionagricultural waterChemigation systems must be operated within the limits of the soil types present to reduce the potential for runoff and for leaching.high
#Q006designoperationalmandatoryRunoff Prevention Designagricultural waterIrrigation systems applying chemicals must be designed and operated to prevent any runoff from occurring.high
#Q007designhealthmandatoryChemigation Safety Equipmentagricultural waterAll chemigation systems must have appropriate safety equipment installed to prevent backflow to potable water supplies.high
#Q008designoperationalmandatorySprinkler Lateral Pressure Variationagricultural waterThe maximum pressure variation along the lateral must not exceed 20% of the sprinkler operating pressure. Flow control nozzles must be used if pressure fluctuations exceed the 20% allowance.Sprinkler systemshigh
#Q009operationaloperationalmandatorySprinkler Head Rotationagricultural waterThe sprinkler head must rotate a minimum of two times per minute.Sprinkler systemshigh
#Q010operationaloperationalmandatorySprinkler Operating Durationagricultural waterSprinkler irrigation systems must be operated for at least 15 minutes to achieve uniform application.Sprinkler systemshigh
#Q011designoperationalmandatoryTrickle System Injection Locationagricultural waterThe injection system must be located before the filtration system so that any precipitates that may form will have an opportunity to be filtered out before entering the irrigation system.Trickle systemshigh
#Q012operationaloperationalmandatorySystem Flushing Durationagricultural waterThe irrigation system must be operated long enough to clear all lines of the chemical being applied.After chemigation is completehigh
#Q013designhealthmandatoryBackflow Prevention Device Selectionagricultural waterChemigation systems must use either a double check valve assembly or a reduced pressure backflow device, depending on the water source.high
#Q014monitoringhealthmandatoryPre-Season Device Inspectionagricultural waterBefore the first irrigation application of the season, the owner or operator must have the backflow prevention device inspected by a Certified Tester to ensure that it is an approved device, installed correctly and in proper operating condition.Prior to first irrigation application of the seasonhigh
#Q015reportingreportingrecommendedTest Report Submissionagricultural waterA copy of the test report should be provided to the Water Authority within 30 days of completion of the test and before operation of the chemical injection system.high
#Q016reportingreportingmandatoryInitial Installation Certificationagricultural waterThe owner or operator must provide to the Water Authority upon initial installation of the backflow prevention device a certificate showing: date of installation, type, model and size of backflow prevention device installed, copy of the Certified Tester's inspection certificateUpon initial installation of the devicehigh
#Q017prohibitionhealthmandatoryProhibition of AVB with Continuous Pressureagricultural waterAn AVB must not be used where continuous operating pressure is applied for more than 12 hours in any 24-hour period as the relief valve may stick in the closed position and cause malfunctioning.Continuous operating pressure applied for >12 hours in 24hhigh
#Q018designhealthmandatoryDCVA Installation Locationagricultural waterThe DCVA must be installed upstream of the chemical injection system at a location that is readily accessible for testing purposes.Double Check Valve Assembly installationhigh
#Q019designoperationalmandatoryAbove Ground Installation Preference for DCVAagricultural waterWherever possible the DCVA shall be installed above ground with adequate space to simplify maintenance and testing.Double Check Valve Assembly installationmedium
#Q020operationaloperationalmandatoryDCVA Winterizationagricultural waterThe DCVA must be drained in the fall and protected from freezing.Fall/Winter preparationshigh
#Q021prohibitionhealthmandatoryLabel Application Method Complianceagricultural waterThe product label must clearly specify that the product can be applied through an irrigation system. Applying a product through an irrigation system that does not have this method of application specified on the label is an offense under the Pesticide Control Act.Pesticide, herbicide, or insecticide applicationhigh
#Q022prohibitionhealthmandatoryProhibition on Chemical Mixingagricultural waterPesticides, herbicides, insecticides, fertilizers or surfactants when applied through an irrigation system cannot be mixed or combined with other products.high
#Q023designoperationalmandatoryAcceptable Pump Systems for Pesticidesagricultural waterOnly positive displacement pumps or venturi injection systems that are compatible with the chemical to be injected can be used for these products.Pesticides, herbicides, and insecticideshigh
#Q024prohibitionhealthmandatoryPost-Chemigation Irrigation Restrictionagricultural waterIrrigation must not be carried out for at least 24 hrs after chemigation has been completed.Following application of pesticides, herbicides, or insecticideshigh
#Q025prohibitionhealthmandatoryProximity to Water/Dwelling Restrictionagricultural waterApplication of these chemicals through an irrigation system cannot occur if the target area is within 30 metres of a residential dwelling, park, playground, stream, river, or lake.Application of pesticides, herbicides, or insecticideshigh
#Q026operationaloperationalmandatoryKnowledgeable Person Attendanceagricultural waterA person knowledgeable of the irrigation system and responsible for its operation must be present during the treatment application to stop pesticide injection and make necessary adjustments should the need arise.During application of pesticide or insecticidehigh
#Q027prohibitionhealthmandatoryProhibition of Suction Side Injectionagricultural waterInjection on the suction side of the irrigation pump is prohibited.high
#Q028designhealthmandatoryInjector Location Requirementsagricultural waterThe injector must be located on the discharge side of the irrigation pump downstream of the backflow preventer.high
#Q029designhealthmandatoryChemical Injection Line Check Valveagricultural waterThe chemical injection line must contain a functional, automatic quick closing check valve to prevent the flow of water from the irrigation system back through the injector into the chemical storage tank.high
#Q030designhealthmandatoryPump Control Interlockingagricultural waterIf an electric irrigation pump is used on the irrigation system and an electric positive displacement pump is used to inject the chemicals, the controls for the injector and irrigation pump must be functionally interlocked to automatically stop chemical injection when the irrigation pump shuts down.Using an electric irrigation pump and electric positive displacement injection pumphigh
#Q031designhealthmandatorySelf-Contained Pond Protectionagricultural waterIf the water source is a self contained pond or reservoir, a 50-cm air gap must be maintained between the maximum water surface elevation of the pond and the pipeline used to fill the pond. If the air gap cannot be maintained, then a Double Check Valve Assembly must be installed according to the procedures shown in Section 4.2.Pumping from self contained pond or reservoirhigh
#Q032designhealthmandatoryIrrigation Pump Safety Devicesagricultural waterThe irrigation pump discharge line must contain a functional quick closing check valve and a vacuum breaker and drain located between the pump and check valve to prevent the backflow of treated irrigation water into the pond or reservoir.Pumping from self contained pond or reservoirhigh
#Q033designoperationalmandatoryPressure Switch Requirementagricultural waterThe irrigation pumping system must contain a functional pressure switch that will shut down the irrigation pump should the system pressure reach a point where chemical distribution is adversely affected.General pumping systemshigh
#Q034designhealthmandatoryNatural Watercourse Backflow Deviceagricultural waterIf the irrigation system is pumping directly from a canal, drainage or irrigation supply ditch, lake, stream or other natural watercourse an approved Double Check Valve Assembly Backflow Prevention Device must be installed on the irrigation mainline between the irrigation pump and the injection system.Pumping from stream, lake, or natural watercoursehigh
#Q035designhealthmandatoryWell Groundwater Backflow Deviceagricultural waterAn irrigation system drawing from groundwater must install an approved Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow Device between the irrigation pump and the chemical injector.Pumping from wells/groundwaterhigh
#Q036designhealthmandatoryIrrigation District Mainline Protectionagricultural waterIf the irrigation system is pumping from an irrigation district or other water purveyor mainline an approved Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow Device must be installed between the water authority's mainline and the irrigation pump.Pumping from irrigation district or water authorityhigh
#Q037designhealthmandatoryGravity Feed System Protectionagricultural waterIf the gravity feed irrigation system also functions as a potable water source, then injection must take place downstream from the potable connection and a DCVA must be installed between the injector and the potable water connection on the water supply mainline.Gravity feed systems functioning as potable water sourceshigh
#Q038operationalhealthrecommendedProtective Equipment Requirementagricultural waterWear rubber boots, gloves and other appropriate protective equipment at the injection site.high
#Q039operationalhealthrecommendedSeparate Injection System for Insecticidesagricultural waterUse a separate injection system to apply insecticides from that used to apply fertilizers.high
#Q040administrativehealthrecommendedSign Posting for Non-Potable Wateragricultural waterThe orchard should be posted with signs warning that the water cannot be consumed if fertigation or any other form of chemigation is done.high
#Q041prohibitionhealthmandatoryHerbicide and Nematicide Mixing Prohibitionagricultural waterHerbicides and nematicides should never be mixed with any other chemical when injected into an irrigation system.high
#Q042operationalhealthmandatoryPesticide Application Guidelines Adherenceagricultural waterIrrigators must always follow the guidelines shown on the label before applying any pesticide.Pesticide applicationhigh
#Q043operationaloperationalmandatoryCenter Pivot End-Revolution Shutoffagricultural waterThe injection equipment must be shut off after one revolution but the irrigation system should continue to operate until the product has been cleared from the system.Center pivot systemshigh
#Q044reportingreportingmandatoryNotification of Intent to Injectagricultural waterThe owner or operator of any Private Water System wishing to inject or introduce chemicals or foreign material into the water system must notify the Water Authority in writing of their intentions to do so.Private water systems under Cross Connection Control By-Lawhigh
#Q045administrativereportingmandatoryPesticide Import Permit RequirementotherIt is illegal to import a pesticide unless it is registered in Canada and an import permit is obtained.Importing pesticideshigh
#Q046administrativeoperationalmandatorySurface Water Licence Requirementagricultural waterA water licence must be obtained before taking any water from a surface water source.Extraction of water from surface sourceshigh
#Q047prohibitionoperationalmandatoryNozzle Sizing Prohibition for Pressure Compensationagricultural waterFor chemigation systems, varying the nozzle size along a lateral to accommodate pressure fluctuations is not an acceptable method of rectifying this problem.Chemigation system design for topographyhigh
#Q048operationalhealthmandatoryWind Speed Limit for Pesticide Applicationagricultural waterWind conditions must be less than 2 km/hr during the entire time of application to prevent drift off the target area.Pesticide application through irrigation systemshigh
#Q049designhealthmandatoryFoot Valve Requirement for Pumping Systemsagricultural waterIn addition to the Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow Device the pumping system must have a foot valve at the bottom of the intake line to prevent the discharge column from draining back into the water source.Pumping systems drawing from groundwater/wellshigh

P Quantitative Requirements (40)

Req ID Category Intent Legal Status Name Subdomain(s) Limit Type Limit Value Context Conditions Confidence
#P001designoperationalmandatorymaximum pressure variation along the lateralagricultural waterrequirement<= 20 %The maximum pressure variation along the lateral must not exceed 20% of the sprinkler operating pressure.Sprinkler systemshigh
#P002designoperationalrecommendedsprinkler spacing along the lateralagricultural waterrequirement<= 50 %The sprinkler spacing along the lateral should not exceed 50% of the wetted diameter.Sprinkler systemshigh
#P003designoperationalrecommendedspacing between lateralsagricultural waterrequirement<= 60 %The spacing between laterals should not exceed 60% of the sprinkler wetted diameter.Sprinkler systemshigh
#P004designoperationalmandatorysprinkler head rotationagricultural waterrequirement>= 2 times per minuteThe sprinkler head must rotate a minimum of two times per minute.Sprinkler systemshigh
#P005designoperationalrecommendedemitter variance coefficientagricultural waterrequirement< 0.05 unitlessAn emitter with a manufacturer's variance coefficient of less than 0.05 should be selected.Trickle systemshigh
#P006operationaloperationalrecommendedEmitter operating pressure range variationagricultural waterrequirement<= 10 %Emitter operating pressure range should be kept within +/- 10% of the emitter operating pressure.Trickle systemshigh
#P007designoperationalmandatoryAVB installation heightagricultural waterrequirement>= 15 cmThe AVB must be installed downstream of the last shutoff valve... and a minimum of 15 cm (6 inches) above the highest outlet on the non-potable system.Atmospheric vacuum breaker installationhigh
#P008operationaloperationalmandatoryAVB continuous operating pressure durationagricultural waterrequirement<= 12 hoursAn AVB must not be used where continuous operating pressure is applied for more than 12 hours in any 24-hour periodAtmospheric vacuum breaker continuous usehigh
#P009designoperationalmandatoryPVB installation heightagricultural waterrequirement>= 30 cmA PVB must be installed 30 cm (12 inches) above the highest outlet on the non-potable water system.Pressure vacuum breaker installationhigh
#P010operationalhealthmandatoryDistance from residential dwelling, park, playground, stream, river, or lakeagricultural waterrequirement>= 30 metresApplication of these chemicals through an irrigation system cannot occur if the target area is within 30 metres of a residential dwelling, park, playground, stream, river, or lake.Application of pesticides, herbicides, and insecticideshigh
#P011operationaloperationalmandatoryWind conditionsagricultural waterrequirement< 2 km/hrWind conditions must be less than 2 km/hr during the entire time of application to prevent drift off the target area.Pesticide applicationhigh
#P012operationalhealthmandatorypost-chemigation irrigation delayagricultural waterrequirement>= 24 hrsIrrigation must not be carried out for at least 24 hrs after chemigation has been completed.Pesticide, herbicide, or insecticide chemigationhigh
#P013designhealthmandatoryair gapagricultural waterrequirement>= 50 cma 50-cm air gap must be maintained between the maximum water surface elevation of the pond and the pipeline used to fill the pond.Pumping from a self-contained pond or reservoirhigh
#P014chemicaltreatmentrecommendedfertilizer concentration in irrigation wateragricultural waterrequirement<= 5 %To avoid damage to plant roots from high fertilizer concentrations, fertilizer concentration in the irrigation water should not exceed 5%.Fertilizer applicationhigh
#P015designhealthmandatoryair gap for sprayer tank filling stationagricultural waterrequirement>= 30 cmThe owner or operator of any sprayer tank filling station shall maintain a minimum air gap of 30 cm between the end of the filler hose and the top of the sprayer tank.Sprayer tank filling station cross connection controlhigh
#P016operationalhealthmandatorybackflow prevention testing frequencyagricultural waterrequirement1 yearBackflow prevention devices should be tested upon installation and once every year after that.All installed backflow prevention deviceshigh
#P017operationalreportingmandatorytest report submission deadlineagricultural waterrequirement<= 30 daysA copy of the test report shall be provided to the Water Authority within 30 days of completion of the testAfter inspection by a Certified Testerhigh
#P018designoperationalmandatoryminimum coefficient of uniformity for sprinkler systemsagricultural waterrequirement>= 80 %sprinkler irrigation systems used to apply chemicals must be designed and operated to achieve a minimum coefficient of uniformity of 80%Chemigation via sprinkler systemhigh
#P019designhealthmandatorygravity feed backflow prevention elevation thresholdagricultural waterrequirement> 10 melevation difference between the irrigation intake and the chemical injector exceeds 10 m, need not use a backflow prevention device if a venturi or other passive type of injector is usedSelf-contained gravity feed systemshigh
#P020designoperationalrecommendedinjection pump delivery accuracyagricultural waterrequirement+/- 1 %Injection pumps, within the minimum to maximum operating range, should have a delivery accuracy of plus or minus one percent.Metering pump operationhigh
#P021operationaloperationalrecommendedsystem flushing durationagricultural waterrequirement>= 30 minutesA flushing time of 30 minutes should be sufficient for most systemsPost-chemigation completionhigh
#P022operationaloperationalmandatorysprinkler system minimum operation durationagricultural waterrequirement>= 15 minutesSprinkler irrigation systems must be operated for at least 15 minutes to achieve uniform application.Chemigation setshigh
#P023operationaloperationalrecommendedpost-injection flushing duration for foliage protectionagricultural waterrequirement>= 1 hourWhen applying chemicals that may damage the crop foliage, the sprinkler irrigation chemigation system should be operated for at least one hour after chemical injection has ceased.Foliage-sensitive cropshigh
#P024operationaloperationalrecommendedcalibration container capacityagricultural waterrequirement>= 5 minutes of injectionThe calibration container should be clear, large enough to hold a volume sufficient for five minutes of injectionCalibration of injectorshigh
#P025designoperationalrecommendedoverhead sprinkler application uniformityagricultural waterrequirement>= 85 %Overhead sprinkler systems used for irrigation, frost protection or crop cooling purposes on tree fruits or cranberries... A minimum application uniformity of 85% should be achieved.Overhead sprinkler systems on tree fruits or cranberrieshigh
#P026chemicaltreatmentrecommendedtarget fertilizer concentrationagricultural watertreatment_goal1-2 %Generally, fertilizer concentrations of 1-2% in the irrigation water are considered acceptable.Standard fertigation practicehigh
#P027unknownunknownmandatorymaximum non-compliance fineagricultural waterrequirement<= 2000 Dollars ($)Any person who disobeys or fails to comply with any provision of this Bylaw shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding Two Thousand Dollars ($2,000)Violation of Cross Connection Control By-Lawhigh
#P028unknownunknownmandatorymaximum imprisonment for non-complianceagricultural waterrequirement<= 6 monthsliable on summary conviction to... imprisonment not exceeding six (6) monthsViolation of Cross Connection Control By-Lawhigh
#P029unknownunknownmandatorycontinuing offence daily fineagricultural waterrequirement<= 500 Dollars ($)if the offence is of a continuing nature, to a fine not exceeding Five Hundred Dollars ($500) for each day the offence is continued.Continuing violation of Cross Connection Control By-Lawhigh
#P030operationaloperationalmandatorycenter pivot calibration travel distanceagricultural waterrequirement>= 20 mmarking the end tower's progress with small flags and allowing the system to travel a minimum distance of 20 m.Center Pivot Calibrationhigh
#P031operationaloperationalmandatorytraveling gun calibration travel distanceagricultural waterrequirement10 mMark the cart location in the field with a flag and position another flag a distance of 10 m away along the operating lane.Traveling Gun Calibrationhigh
#P032operationaloperationalmandatorywater service turn-on feeagricultural waterrequirement100 Dollars ($)Any person whose water has been turned off pursuant to this Bylaw shall not have the water from the Water Authority turned on until such time as... the said person pays to the Water Authority a turn on fee of one hundred dollars ($100)Payable before re-establishing water service after shut-off for non-compliance with the Cross Connection Control By-Lawhigh
#P033designoperationalmandatoryVenturi injector pressure dropagricultural waterrequirement20-50 %To operate effectively, venturi must have a pressure drop of 20-50% of the inlet pressure and are therefore not effective where supply pressures may be low.Venturi injector operationhigh
#P034operationaloperationalrecommendedcontinuous move system chemical concentrationagricultural waterrequirement< 1 %The concentration of chemical in the irrigation line should be less than 1%.Center pivot or traveling gun systemshigh
#P035operationaloperationalrecommendedpreferred solid set sprinkler operation durationagricultural waterrequirement1 hourSolid set sprinkler systems should preferably be operated for 1 hour to achieve good application uniformity.Solid set sprinkler systemshigh
#P036operationalhealthmandatorypesticide application field coverage timeframeagricultural waterrequirement1 dayFor pesticide or insecticide application the irrigation system must be capable of covering the entire field in one day.Pesticide or insecticide applicationhigh
#P037operationalreportingmandatoryinitial backflow assembly installation certificate deadlineagricultural waterrequirement30 daysThe owner or operator will provide to the Water Authority within 30 days of initial installation of the backflow prevention assembly a certificate...Initial installation of backflow prevention devicehigh
#P038designoperationalrecommendedpressure differential injection system flow limit guidanceagricultural waterrequirement< 50 gpmThis type of injection system is trouble-free and inexpensive and works well for small systems operating at less than 50 gpm.Pressure differential injection systemshigh
#P039designoperationalmandatorySupport block requirement for large backflow preventers (DCVA)agricultural waterrequirement> 2.5 inchesDCVA's larger than 2 1/2" shall have support blocks to prevent damage.Double Check Valve Assembly installationhigh
#P040designoperationalmandatorySupport block requirement for large backflow preventers (RPBD)agricultural waterrequirement> 2.5 inchesRPBD's larger than 2 1/2" shall have support blocks to prevent damage.Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow Prevention Device installationhigh

D Definitions (57)

Req ID Category Name Context Confidence
#D001Chemigationthe practice of applying chemicals to a crop through an irrigation systemhigh
#D002cross connectionany connection or structural arrangement between a potable water system and any non-potable water system or chemical source through which backflow can occurhigh
#D003Solutionsliquids that have all the plant nutrients in a solutionhigh
#D004Water Authorityincludes any municipality, regional district, improvement district, irrigation district, water users community, water works district, water utility and any other corporation that have the authority to supply water for the purposes of irrigation, domestic or other uses.high
#D005Trusteemeans the Trustee of the Water Authority or any person authorized by the Trustee to act on their behalf.high
#D006Private Water Systemmeans a water system privately owned or operated for the delivery or distribution of water and includes any domestic use, irrigation system, greenhouse and hydroponic system, and any other use of water supplied by the Water Authority's waterworks system.high
#D007Certified Testermeans a person holding a valid certificate from the British Columbia Water and Waste Association for the purpose of testing and servicing all types of backflow prevention devices.high
#D008Personincludes a corporation, partnership or party and the personal or other legal representative of a person to whom the context can apply according to law and the singular includes the plural and the masculine includes the feminine.high
#D009Cross Connectionmeans any physical arrangement whereby the Water Authority's water supply is connected, directly or indirectly, with any non-potable or unapproved private water supply system, sewer, drain, conduit, well, pool, storage reservoir, plumbing fixture, or any other device which contains, or may contain, contaminated water, liquid, gases, sewage, or other waste, of unknown or unsafe quality which may be capable of imparting contamination to the public water supply as a result of backflow.high
#D010Backflowmeans the reversal of flow from the private water system to the Water Authority's waterworks system.high
#D011Potable Watermeans water that is fit for human consumption as defined in the British Columbia Drinking Water Regulation.high
#D012AdsorptionAdhesion in an extremely thin layer of molecules to the surfaces of solid bodies or liquids in which they are in contact.high
#D013Application EfficiencyA ratio of the net amount of water applied to the gross amount delivered by the irrigation system.high
#D014Application RateThe rate at which irrigation water is applied to the soil in inches per hour.high
#D015Application UniformityA measurement of the variance of water application.high
#D016Availability CoefficientThe maximum fraction of available water storage capacity to be removed before irrigation is required.high
#D017Available Water Storage Capacity (AWSC)The amount of soil water retained between field capacity and the permanent wilting point.high
#D018BackflowA reversal of the normal direction of flow.high
#D019Backflow preventerA device or method that prevents backflow of water in a pipeline.high
#D020BackpressureAn occurrence where the irrigation system pressure exceeds the supply pressure of the water purveyor's system.high
#D021BacksiphonageBackflow caused by atmospheric pressure.high
#D022CationA positively charged ion.high
#D023Coefficient of UniformityThe percentage of deviation from the average application of water from an irrigation system.high
#D024Effective Rooting DepthThat depth in the soil above which the roots obtain 90% or more of their water between irrigations.high
#D025Effective Soil Water Storage CapacityThe amount of water stored in the soil that is available for crop use.high
#D026Evapotranspiration (ET)The total amount of water transpired by plants and evaporated from the soil surface.high
#D027Hydraulic GradientThe friction loss that corresponds to water flowing through a section of pipeline, fitting, valve or fixture.high
#D028IonAn electrically charged particle on the atomic molecular scale.high
#D029Irrigation IntervalThe number of days between the start of an irrigation at any one setting and the start of the next irrigation at the same setting.high
#D030Maximum Soil Water DeficitThe maximum amount of water allowed to be removed from the soil before irrigation is required.high
#D031Total Dynamic HeadThe energy measured in feet imparted by the pump, and is equal to the sum of static lift, friction head, static discharge head and pressure head.high
#D032ZoneA portion of an irrigation system that is controlled by one valve.high
#D033suspensionshold part of the plant nutrients suspended in the liquid by a suspending agent.high
#D034solubilityThe mass of fertilizer that will dissolve in a specific volume of water is known as solubility.high
#D035gradeThese numbers, called grade, represent the amount of nitrogen (N), phosphate (P2O5), and potash (K2O) content of the fertilizer in terms of percentage by weight.high
#D036fertilizer ratioThe fertilizer ratio is the relative proportion of each of the primary nutrients.high
#D037volatilityVolatility is the tendency of a liquid to become a gas and increases as the vapour pressure of the liquid increases.high
#D038constant rate feedersConstant rate feeders inject at the same discharge rate even if the irrigation system flow rate changes.high
#D039constant ratio feederA constant ratio feeder will inject the chemical at a constant ratio in proportion to the irrigation system flow rate.high
#D040SevereAn existing or probable cross connection involving any substance in sufficient concentration to cause death, spread disease or has a high probability of causing such effect.high
#D041ModerateAn existing or probable cross connection involving any substance that has a low probability of becoming a severe hazard but constitutes a nuisance or is aesthetically objectionable if introduced into the water supply.high
#D042MinorAn existing or probable cross connection between a potable water supply line and a tank or other water supply that has a low probability of becoming contaminated.high
#D043calcium carbonate equivalentThe amount of calcium carbonate required to neutralize the acidity produced by a given quantity of fertilizer product is the calcium carbonate equivalent.high
#D044Useincludes the storage, transportation, handling and application of pesticides.high
#D045PCPPest Control Productshigh
#D046AVBatmospheric vacuum breakerhigh
#D047PVBpressure vacuum breakerhigh
#D048DCVAdouble check valve assemblyhigh
#D049RPBDreduced pressure principle backflow devicehigh
#D050CSACanadian Standards Associationhigh
#D051AWWAAmerican Water Works Associationhigh
#D052ASAEAmerican Society of Agricultural Engineershigh
#D053USCUniversity of Southern California Foundation of Cross Connection Control and Hydraulic Researchhigh
#D054Backsiphonageis caused by low pressure or a reduced pressure in the supply piping.high
#D055Backpressureoccurs when the user system is operating at a higher pressure than the potable water supply system.high
#D056Passive injectorsuse the energy supplied by the irrigation system or the atmosphere to inject the chemicals.high
#D057Active injectorsuse an external energy source or a mechanical moving part to create pressures exceeding the irrigation mainline pressure to inject the chemical.high