| Req ID | Category | Intent | Legal Status | Name | Subdomain(s) | Context | Conditions | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #Q001 | corrective_action | operational | recommended | Plan for Short-Term Exceedances | drinking water | For drinking water supplies that occasionally experience short-term exceedances of barium above the guideline value, it is suggested that a plan be developed and implemented to address these situations. | Occasionally experience short-term exceedances of barium above the guideline value | high |
| #Q002 | corrective_action | operational | recommended | Alternative Sources for Long-Term Exceedances | drinking water | For more significant, long-term exceedances that cannot be addressed through treatment, it is suggested that alternative sources of drinking water be considered. | Significant, long-term exceedances that cannot be addressed through treatment | high |
| #Q003 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Source Water Characterization | drinking water | Source water should be characterized to determine if barium is present. | high | |
| #Q004 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Annual Source Water Monitoring | drinking water | If the barium concentration is approaching the proposed MAC and/or the concentration is known to be or expected to be changing with time (e.g., anthropogenic activities are introduced), monitoring of the source water should be conducted annually. | Barium concentration is approaching the proposed MAC and/or the concentration is known to be or expected to be changing with time | high |
| #Q005 | administrative | operational | guidance | Reduced Source Water Monitoring | drinking water | Authorities may consider reduced monitoring when there is sufficient data demonstrating that barium is present at concentrations below 2.0 mg/L in the source water and/or appropriate treatment is in place. | Sufficient data demonstrating that barium is present at concentrations below 2.0 mg/L in the source water and/or appropriate treatment is in place | high |
| #Q006 | operational | operational | recommended | New Source Water Quality Assessment | drinking water | Utilities practising control options for addressing the barium concentration in source water should assess the water quality of new sources to ensure that it does not interfere with the existing treatment processes, impact the distribution system, and/or cause other water quality issues. | When practising control options and introducing new sources | high |
| #Q007 | monitoring | treatment | mandatory | Frequent Treated Water Monitoring | drinking water | Utilities that treat their water for barium removal need to conduct frequent monitoring of the treated water in order to make necessary process adjustments and to ensure that treatment processes are effectively removing barium and other co-contaminants below their respective MACs. | Utilities that treat their water for barium removal | high |
| #Q008 | monitoring | treatment | recommended | pH Monitoring for Lime Softening | drinking water | Utilities using lime softening for barium removal should conduct operational monitoring of pH. | When using lime softening for barium removal | high |
| #Q009 | monitoring | treatment | recommended | Hardness Breakthrough Monitoring | drinking water | Utilities using ion exchange water softening (i.e., a strong-acid cation exchange resin in sodium form) for hardness and barium removal in their source water should monitor for hardness breakthrough in each ion exchange vessel to identify the timing for resin regeneration and achieve effective barium removal. | When using ion exchange water softening for hardness and barium removal | high |
| #Q010 | treatment | treatment | mandatory | Corrosivity Reduction Step Requirement | drinking water | The hydrogen form of strong-acid cation and weak-acid cation exchange resins must be followed by a carbon dioxide stripping process and a pH or alkalinity adjustment step to reduce the corrosivity of the product water. | When using hydrogen form of strong-acid cation and weak-acid cation exchange resins | high |
| #Q011 | operational | operational | recommended | Sodium Introduction Awareness | drinking water | Utilities using strong-acid cation exchange resins in sodium form should be aware that this process may introduce undesirable quantities of sodium into the treated water. | When using strong-acid cation exchange resins in sodium form | high |
| #Q012 | monitoring | operational | mandatory | Blended Water Monitoring | drinking water | It is important to monitor blended treated water to determine final barium concentrations when this control option is used. | When bypass blending control option is used | high |
| #Q013 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Annual Compliance Monitoring | drinking water | When treatment is in place for barium reduction (including control options), it is recommended that compliance monitoring be conducted annually, at minimum, to confirm that the proposed MAC is not exceeded. | When treatment is in place for barium reduction | high |
| #Q014 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Compliance Sample Location | drinking water | Samples should be collected after treatment prior to distribution (typically at the entry point to the distribution system). | high | |
| #Q015 | monitoring | treatment | recommended | Paired Sample Efficacy Confirmation | drinking water | Paired samples of source and treated water should be taken to confirm the efficacy of the treatment or control option. | When confirming efficacy of treatment or control options | high |
| #Q016 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Distribution System Monitoring | drinking water | Consequently, monitoring should also be conducted throughout the distribution system when barium is or was historically present in the source water. | When barium is or was historically present in the source water | high |
| #Q017 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Distribution System Monitoring Locations | drinking water | The number and location of barium monitoring sites in the distribution system should take into consideration the site-specific accumulation and release risk factors. | high | |
| #Q018 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Post-Disruption Monitoring | drinking water | When this occurs, monitoring for barium and other contaminants should be conducted when the system is back to normal operation. | When water quality changes or physical disruptions occur in the system and release deposits or scales | high |
| #Q019 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Co-Occurring Metals Monitoring | drinking water | Monitoring for barium should be done in conjunction with other metals that can co-occur in the distribution system (e.g., iron, manganese, arsenic, lead). | high | |
| #Q020 | monitoring | health | recommended | Private Well Barium Testing | drinking water | Homeowners with private wells are encouraged to have their water tested for barium to ensure that the concentration in their water supply is below the MAC. | Homeowners with private wells | high |
| #Q021 | monitoring | treatment | recommended | Residential Treatment Device Routine Testing | drinking water | Homeowners with private wells using residential treatment devices should conduct routine testing on both the water entering the treatment device and the treated water to verify that the treatment device is effective. | Homeowners with private wells using residential treatment devices | high |
| #Q022 | operational | health | recommended | Homeowner Sodium Awareness | drinking water | Homeowners using ion exchange softeners should be aware that the treatment unit may introduce undesirable quantities of sodium into the treated water. | Homeowners using ion exchange softeners | high |
| #Q023 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Dissolved Barium Sample Filtration | drinking water | To determine dissolved barium concentrations, samples should be filtered (0.45 µm pore diameter) at the time of collection using preconditioned plastic filtering devices under either vacuum or pressure. | When determining dissolved barium concentrations | high |
| #Q024 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Filtrate Acidification | drinking water | The filtrate should be acidified to pH <2 with concentrated nitric acid. | Following sample filtration | high |
| #Q025 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Particulate Barium Digestion | drinking water | To determine particulate barium, the filter should be retained and the particulate material on it digested in the laboratory using appropriate methods (APHA et al., 2012). | When determining particulate barium concentrations | high |
| #Q026 | administrative | operational | recommended | Waste Residual Disposal Consultation | drinking water | Where applicable, the appropriate authorities should be consulted to ensure that the disposal of liquid and solid waste residuals from the treatment of drinking water meet applicable regulations. | Where applicable | high |
| #Q027 | monitoring | operational | mandatory | New Source Water Quality Characterization | drinking water | Characterization of the water quality must be carried out to ensure that changes in water quality resulting from control options are assessed and that potential impacts on the existing treatment processes and distribution system are determined. | Prior to making changes to an existing supply | high |
| #Q028 | operational | operational | recommended | Water Quality Change Restriction | drinking water | Any change in water quality should not result in other compliance issues. | high | |
| #Q029 | treatment | treatment | recommended | Consistent Disinfectant Type for Blending | drinking water | The disinfectant type (chlorine or chloramine) should be the same when blending two different water sources, to avoid water quality and disinfection issues. | When blending two different water sources | high |
| #Q030 | prohibition | treatment | recommended | Sulphuric Acid Use Prohibition | drinking water | However, sulphuric acid (H2SO4) should not be used, as BaSO4 is precipitated on the resin and destroys its capacity. | When regenerating WAC (H+) resins | high |
| #Q031 | operational | treatment | mandatory | Bypass Blending Concentration Consideration | drinking water | However, the barium concentration in the bypass water needs to be considered to ensure that the finished water concentration is not above the MAC. | When applying bypass blending in water softening | high |
| #Q032 | treatment | health | recommended | Certified Residential Treatment Device Recommendation | drinking water | Health Canada does not recommend specific brands of drinking water treatment devices, but it strongly recommends that consumers use devices that have been certified by an accredited certification body as meeting the appropriate NSF International (NSF)/American National Standards Institute (ANSI) drinking water treatment unit standards. | When consumers use residential drinking water treatment devices | high |
| #Q033 | design | operational | recommended | RO System Point-of-Use Installation | drinking water | RO systems should only be installed at POU, as the water they have treated may be corrosive to internal plumbing components. | When installing reverse osmosis systems | high |
| #Q034 | monitoring | treatment | recommended | Pre-Installation Water Chemistry Testing | drinking water | Before a treatment device is installed, the water should be tested to determine the general water chemistry and verify the presence and concentration of barium. | Before installing a residential treatment device | high |
| #Q035 | monitoring | treatment | recommended | Periodic Accredited Laboratory Testing | drinking water | Periodic testing by an accredited laboratory should be conducted on both the water entering the treatment device and the finished water to verify that the treatment device is effective. | When using residential treatment devices | high |
| #Q036 | operational | treatment | recommended | Treatment Component Longevity Verification | drinking water | Consumers should verify the expected longevity of the components in their treatment device according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and service it when required. | When maintaining residential treatment devices | high |
| #Q037 | administrative | operational | recommended | Implementation Guidance from Authority | drinking water | Specific guidance related to the implementation of drinking water guidelines should be obtained from the appropriate drinking water authority in the affected jurisdiction. | Implementation of drinking water guidelines | high |
| #Q038 | treatment | operational | recommended | Corrosion Control for Alternative Resins | drinking water | However, proper corrosion control in the finished water should be practised. | When using SAC (Ca2+ and H+) or WAC (H+) resins as alternatives to SAC (Na+) | high |
| #Q039 | design | operational | mandatory | RO Concentrate Disposal Consideration | drinking water | RO concentrate disposal must also be considered in the design and operation of RO plants. | In the design and operation of RO plants | high |
| #Q040 | monitoring | reporting | mandatory | Total Barium Calculation Requirement | drinking water | if the two forms are measured separately, the two concentrations must be added before comparison with the MAC. | When dissolved and particulate forms are measured separately | high |
| #Q041 | operational | operational | recommended | Blending Corrosion Consideration | drinking water | Corrosion issues should be considered when blending different water qualities. | When blending different water sources | high |
| #Q042 | treatment | treatment | mandatory | SAC Calcium Resin Regeneration Brine | drinking water | An exhausted SAC (Ca2+) resin requires calcium chloride (CaCl2) brine to be regenerated | When using strong-acid cation resins in calcium form | high |
| #Q043 | treatment | treatment | mandatory | Spent Brine Precipitation Dose | drinking water | Proper doses of CaSO4 are needed to precipitate barium as BaSO4 in the spent brine and to prevent fouling of the resin during the following regeneration cycle. | When reclaiming and reusing calcium chloride brine for SAC (Ca2+) resin | high |
| #Q044 | treatment | treatment | mandatory | RO Membrane Pretreatment Requirement | drinking water | Pretreatment is required to preserve membrane life because the presence of chlorine residuals, particulates, and scale-forming ions (i.e., Ca2+, Ba2+, iron, and silica) in the feed water can adversely affect the performance of RO processes. | When operating reverse osmosis treatment systems | high |
| #Q045 | administrative | reporting | mandatory | Future Guideline Review Commitment | drinking water | Health Canada will continue to monitor new research in this area and recommend any change to the guideline that is deemed necessary. | Ongoing monitoring after guideline establishment | high |
| Req ID | Category | Intent | Legal Status | Name | Subdomain(s) | Limit Type | Limit Value | Context | Conditions | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #P001 | chemical | health | guideline | total barium | drinking water | MAC | 2.0 mg/L | A maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) of 2.0 mg/L (2,000 µg/L) is proposed for total barium in drinking water. | Proposed guideline for public consultation based on kidney effects in male mice. | high |
| #P002 | chemical | health | guideline | total barium | drinking water | MAC | 2000 µg/L | A maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) of 2.0 mg/L (2,000 µg/L) is proposed for total barium in drinking water. | Proposed guideline for public consultation. | high |
| #P003 | chemical | health | guideline | barium | drinking water | requirement | 1.3 mg/L | The World Health Organization established a guideline for drinking- water quality of 1.3 mg/L for barium. | International consideration (WHO). | high |
| #P004 | chemical | health | mandatory | barium | drinking water | requirement | 2.0 mg/L | The United States Environmental Protection Agency’s standard and the guideline established by the Australia National Health and Medical Research Council are both set at 2.0 mg/L. | International consideration (US EPA). | high |
| #P005 | chemical | health | guideline | barium | drinking water | requirement | 2.0 mg/L | The United States Environmental Protection Agency’s standard and the guideline established by the Australia National Health and Medical Research Council are both set at 2.0 mg/L. | International consideration (Australia NHMRC). | high |
| #P006 | chemical | treatment | mandatory | barium | drinking water | requirement | 0.2 mg/L | Both current SPACs for barium under NSF/ANSI standards 60 and 61 are 0.2 mg/L | Maximum single product allowable concentration (SPAC) that can be present in materials and treatment chemicals in contact with drinking water. | high |
| #P007 | chemical | treatment | mandatory | barium | drinking water | treatment_goal | <= 2.0 mg/L | the devices must be capable of reducing an average influent (challenge) concentration of 10.0 mg/L to a maximum final concentration of 2.0 mg/L or less. | Requirements for residential drinking water treatment devices to be certified to NSF/ANSI standards 44, 58 and 62 for the reduction of barium. | high |
| #P008 | chemical | health | mandatory | total barium (1990 MAC) | drinking water | MAC | 1.0 mg/L | The existing guideline on barium, last updated in 1990, established a maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) of 1.0 mg/L (1,000 µg/L). | Historic guideline value prior to 2018 update. | high |
| #P009 | chemical | reporting | mandatory | barium PQL | drinking water | requirement | 0.15 mg/L | The current U.S. EPA practical quantitation limit (PQL) for barium is 0.15 mg/L. | US EPA laboratory measurement capability requirement. | high |
| #P010 | chemical | health | guidance | tolerable daily intake (TDI) | drinking water | requirement | 0.19 mg/kg bw/day | The TDI for Barium is 0.19 mg/kg body weight per day. | Calculated based on a BMDL5 of 58 mg/kg bw/day and an uncertainty factor of 300. | high |
| #P011 | chemical | health | guidance | reference dose (RfD) | drinking water | requirement | 200 µg/kg bw/day | the U.S. EPA IRIS derived an RfD of 200 µg/kg bw per day for nephrotoxicity. | Based on US EPA 2005 evaluation. | high |
| #P012 | chemical | health | guidance | drinking water equivalent level (DWEL) | drinking water | requirement | 7 mg/L | the U.S. EPA updated the drinking water equivalent level for barium to 7 mg/L. | Based on US EPA 2012 evaluation. | high |
| #P013 | physical | treatment | mandatory | hardness (effluent limit) | drinking water | treatment_goal | 17.1 mg/L | reduced hardness concentration to below 1.0 gpg (17.1 mg/L) from an influent hardness of 20 gpg (342 mg/L) will be able effectively to reduce barium. | NSF/ANSI Standard 44 surrogate requirement for cation exchange systems. | high |
| #P014 | physical | treatment | mandatory | TDS reduction | drinking water | treatment_goal | >= 99 % | Treatment devices certified to NSF/ANSI Standard 62 using TDS as a surrogate must achieve a minimum TDS reduction of 99%. | Requirement for distillation systems using TDS as surrogate for barium. | high |
| #P015 | chemical | health | guidance | BMDL5 (Point of Departure) | drinking water | requirement | 58 mg/kg bw/day | the lower 95% confidence limit on the benchmark dose for a 5% response (BMDL5) of 58 mg/kg bw per day for male mice. | Selected as the point of departure for the calculation of the HBV for barium in drinking water. | high |
| #P016 | chemical | health | guidance | BMDL5 (US EPA 2005) | drinking water | requirement | 63 mg/kg bw/day | the U.S. EPA IRIS derived an RfD... based on the benchmark dose lower 95% confidence limit (BMDL5) of 63 mg/kg bw per day derived from a 2-year mouse study. | Basis for US EPA 2005 and WHO 2016 guideline values. | high |
| #P017 | chemical | reporting | mandatory | MDL - EPA Method 200.5 Rev. 4.2 | drinking water | requirement | 0.05 µg/L | Approved analytical methods for the analysis of barium in drinking water. | Method Detection Limit using Axially viewed inductively coupled atomic emission spectrometry (AVICP-AES). | high |
| #P018 | chemical | reporting | mandatory | MDL - EPA Method 200.7 / SM 3120B | drinking water | requirement | 1.0 µg/L | Approved analytical methods for the analysis of barium in drinking water. | Method Detection Limit using Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). | high |
| #P019 | chemical | reporting | mandatory | MDL - EPA Method 200.8 Rev. 5.4 (Scanning) | drinking water | requirement | 0.04 µg/L | Approved analytical methods for the analysis of barium in drinking water. | Method Detection Limit in scanning mode using Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). | high |
| #P020 | chemical | reporting | mandatory | MDL - EPA Method 200.8 Rev. 5.4 (SIM) | drinking water | requirement | 0.8 µg/L | Approved analytical methods for the analysis of barium in drinking water. | Method Detection Limit in selective ion monitoring mode using Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). | high |
| #P021 | chemical | reporting | mandatory | MDL - SM 3111D | drinking water | requirement | 30.0 µg/L | Approved analytical methods for the analysis of barium in drinking water. | Method Detection Limit using Flame atomic absorption spectrometry. | high |
| #P022 | chemical | reporting | mandatory | MDL - SM 3113B | drinking water | requirement | 2.0 µg/L | Approved analytical methods for the analysis of barium in drinking water. | Method Detection Limit using Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. | high |
| #P023 | operational | reporting | recommended | Filter pore diameter for dissolved barium analysis | drinking water | requirement | 0.45 µm | To determine dissolved barium concentrations, samples should be filtered (0.45 µm pore diameter) at the time of collection using preconditioned plastic filtering devices. | Required step for determination of dissolved metals in samples. | high |
| #P024 | operational | reporting | mandatory | Turbidity threshold for mandatory hot acid digestion | drinking water | requirement | > 1 NTU | Currently, EPA methods 200.7 and 200.8 and SM 3111D, SM 3113B, SM 3120B do not require hot acid digestion for total recoverable metals unless the turbidity of the sample is greater than 1 nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU). | Threshold for requiring sample digestion for total metal quantification. | high |
| #P025 | operational | reporting | recommended | Source water monitoring frequency | drinking water | requirement | 1 time/year | If the barium concentration is approaching the proposed MAC and/or the concentration is known to be or expected to be changing with time, monitoring of the source water should be conducted annually. | Applies when barium levels approach MAC or source chemistry is changing. | high |
| #P026 | operational | reporting | recommended | Compliance monitoring frequency | drinking water | requirement | >= 1 time/year | When treatment is in place for barium reduction (including control options), it is recommended that compliance monitoring be conducted annually, at minimum, to confirm that the proposed MAC is not exceeded. | Applies when treatment or control options for barium are active. | high |
| #P027 | operational | operational | mandatory | NSF/ANSI challenge concentration for barium reduction | drinking water | requirement | 10.0 mg/L | For drinking water treatment devices to be certified to NSF/ANSI standards 44, 58 and 62 for the reduction of barium concentration, the devices must be capable of reducing an average influent (challenge) concentration of 10.0 mg/L. | Testing requirement for residential treatment device certification. | high |
| #P028 | operational | reporting | recommended | Sample acidification for dissolved barium analysis | drinking water | requirement | < 2 pH | The filtrate should be acidified to pH < 2 with concentrated nitric acid. | Standard procedure for determination of dissolved barium concentrations. | high |
| #P029 | chemical | reporting | mandatory | Matrix interference threshold (Ca, Mg, Na) - EPA 200.5 | drinking water | requirement | > 125 mg/L | Matrix interferences: Ca, Mg and Na > 125 mg/L | Applicable when using EPA Method 200.5 Rev. 4.2. | high |
| #P030 | chemical | reporting | mandatory | Matrix interference threshold (Si) - EPA 200.5 | drinking water | requirement | > 250 mg/L | Matrix interferences: Si > 250 mg/L | Applicable when using EPA Method 200.5 Rev. 4.2. | high |
| #P031 | chemical | reporting | mandatory | Matrix interference threshold (TDS) - EPA 200.7 / 200.8 | drinking water | requirement | > 0.2 % (w/v) | Matrix interferences: TDS > 0.2% (w/v) | Applicable when using EPA Method 200.7 Rev. 4.4 or EPA Method 200.8 Rev. 5.4. | high |
| #P032 | chemical | reporting | mandatory | Matrix interference threshold (TDS) - SM 3120B | drinking water | requirement | > 1500 mg/L | Matrix interferences: TDS > 1500 mg/L | Applicable when using Standard Method SM 3120B. | high |
| #P033 | chemical | health | guideline | Drinking water allocation factor | drinking water | requirement | 20 % | Allocating a 20% source contribution to drinking water is deemed appropriate | Allocation factor used to derive the Health-Based Value (HBV) and MAC. | high |
| #P034 | physical | treatment | mandatory | Influent hardness challenge for NSF/ANSI 44 | drinking water | requirement | 342 mg/L | reduced hardness concentration to below 1.0 gpg (17.1 mg/L) from an influent hardness of 20 gpg (342 mg/L) | Testing challenge concentration for residential cation exchange certification. | high |
| #P035 | physical | treatment | mandatory | Influent TDS challenge for NSF/ANSI 62 | drinking water | requirement | 1000 mg/L | achieve a minimum TDS reduction of 99% from an influent concentration of 1,000 mg/L. | Testing challenge concentration for residential distillation system certification. | high |
| #P036 | chemical | health | guidance | Uncertainty factor for barium | drinking water | requirement | 300 dimensionless | The TDI for Barium is 0.19 mg/kg body weight per day. This is calculated by dividing the BMDL5 of 58 mg/kg body weight per day by the uncertainty factor of 300. | Includes 10 for interspecies, 10 for intraspecies variation, and 3 for database deficiencies. | high |
| #P037 | physical | health | guideline | Adult body weight (Health Canada) | drinking water | requirement | 70 kg | 70 kg is the average body weight for an adult (Health Canada, 1994) | Standard parameter for Health Canada drinking water guideline derivations. | high |
| #P038 | physical | health | guideline | Drinking water intake rate (Health Canada) | drinking water | requirement | 1.5 L/day | 1.5 L/day is the drinking water intake rate for an adult. | Standard parameter for Health Canada drinking water guideline derivations. | high |
| #P039 | physical | health | guideline | Adult body weight (WHO) | drinking water | requirement | 60 kg | An adult body weight of 60 kg and a drinking-water consumption rate of 2 L per day were used in calculating the final guideline value. | Used by the World Health Organization for guideline calculation. | high |
| #P040 | physical | health | guideline | Drinking water intake rate (WHO) | drinking water | requirement | 2 L/day | An adult body weight of 60 kg and a drinking-water consumption rate of 2 L per day were used in calculating the final guideline value. | Used by the World Health Organization for guideline calculation. | high |
| #P041 | chemical | health | guidance | NOAEL (Australian NHMRC) | drinking water | requirement | 0.2 mg/kg bw/day | established a drinking water guideline of 2.0 mg/L based on a NOAEL of 0.2 mg/kg bw/day from Brenniman and Levy (1985). | Based on no observed adverse effects on blood pressure and kidney disease. | high |
| Req ID | Category | Name | Context | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #D001 | ATSDR | Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry | high | |
| #D002 | BMD | benchmark dose | high | |
| #D003 | BMDL | benchmark dose lower confidence limit | high | |
| #D004 | BW | body weight | high | |
| #D005 | CCME | Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment | high | |
| #D006 | CDC | Centers for Disease Control | high | |
| #D007 | CI | confidence interval | high | |
| #D008 | CSA | Canadian Standards Association | high | |
| #D009 | CTDS | Canadian Total Diet Study | high | |
| #D010 | DL | detection limit | high | |
| #D011 | DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid | high | |
| #D012 | ECG | electrocardiogram | high | |
| #D013 | ED/EDR | electrodialysis/electrodialysis reversal | high | |
| #D014 | EPA | Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.) | high | |
| #D015 | HBV | health-based value | high | |
| #D016 | IARC | International Agency for Research on Cancer | high | |
| #D017 | ICRP | International Commission on Radiological Protection | high | |
| #D018 | IPCS | International Programme on Chemical Safety | high | |
| #D019 | IX | ion exchange | high | |
| #D020 | LD50 | median lethal dose | high | |
| #D021 | LOAEL | lowest-observed-adverse-effect level | high | |
| #D022 | MDL | method detection limit | high | |
| #D023 | NF | nanofiltration | high | |
| #D024 | NHANES | National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey | high | |
| #D025 | NOAEL | no-observed-adverse-effect level | high | |
| #D026 | NRC | National Research Council | high | |
| #D027 | NSF | NSF International | high | |
| #D028 | NTP | National Toxicology Program (U.S.) | high | |
| #D029 | OR | odds ratio | high | |
| #D030 | RO | reverse osmosis | high | |
| #D031 | SAC | strong-acid cation | high | |
| #D032 | SCC | Standards Council of Canada | high | |
| #D033 | TDI | tolerable daily intake | high | |
| #D034 | TDS | total dissolved solids | high | |
| #D035 | WAC | weak-acid cation | high | |
| #D036 | WHO | World Health Organization | high | |
| #D037 | single product allowable concentration (SPAC) | maximum concentration for barium that can be present in materials and treatment chemicals in contact with drinking water | medium | |
| #D038 | Total barium | includes both its dissolved and particulate forms | high | |
| #D039 | hot digestion | transferring an aliquot of the sample into a solution of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid followed by gentle heating to a temperature of approximately 85°C | high | |
| #D040 | NTU | nephelometric turbidity unit | high | |
| #D041 | PQL | practical quantitation limit | high | |
| #D042 | POU | point-of-use | high | |
| #D043 | TICs | trace inorganic contaminants | high | |
| #D044 | integrated membrane system (IMS) | Systems that integrate two or more membrane processes or combine a membrane process with other treatment processes | high | |
| #D045 | Intermediate concentrate chemical stabilization (ICCS) | strategies [that] apply conventional or pellet softening to a primary (first pass) RO concentrate to remove scale-forming compounds such as barium, followed by secondary RO treatment to improve the overall system recovery | high | |
| #D046 | BMR | benchmark response | high | |
| #D047 | MAC | maximum acceptable concentration | high | |
| #D048 | NAPS | National Air Pollution Surveillance | high | |
| #D049 | PM | particulate matter | high | |
| #D050 | MIREC | Maternal–Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals | high | |
| #D051 | BMDL5 | lower 95% confidence limit on the benchmark dose for a 5% response | high | |
| #D052 | SD | standard deviation | high | |
| #D053 | BVs | bed volumes | high | |
| #D054 | ANSI | American National Standards Institute | high | |
| #D055 | PBPK | Physiologically based pharmacokinetic | high | |
| #D056 | IRIS | Integrated Risk Information System | high | |
| #D057 | CDW | Federal-Provincial-Territorial Committee on Drinking Water | high | |
| #D058 | BMDL5 | lower 95% confidence limit on the benchmark dose for a 5% response | high | |
| #D059 | NAPS | National Air Pollution Surveillance | high | |
| #D060 | PM | particulate matter | high | |
| #D061 | MIREC | Maternal–Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals | high | |
| #D062 | single product allowable concentration (SPAC) | maximum concentration for barium that can be present in materials and treatment chemicals in contact with drinking water | high | |
| #D063 | CSF | conventional coagulation/sedimentation/filtration processes | high | |
| #D064 | barite | barium sulphate | high | |
| #D065 | witherite | barium carbonate | high | |
| #D066 | gypsum | calcium sulphate (CaSO4) | high | |
| #D067 | nephropathy | tubule dilatation, regeneration and atrophy | high |