| Req ID | Category | Intent | Legal Status | Name | Subdomain(s) | Context | Conditions | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #Q001 | corrective_action | operational | recommended | Short-Term Exceedance Action Plan | drinking water | For drinking water supplies that occasionally experience short-term exceedances of uranium above the guideline values, it is suggested that a plan be developed and implemented to address these situations. | Short-term exceedances of uranium above the guideline values | high |
| #Q002 | corrective_action | health | recommended | Long-Term Exceedance Alternative Sources | drinking water | For more significant, long-term exceedances that cannot be addressed through treatment, it is suggested that alternative sources of drinking water be considered. | Significant, long-term exceedances that cannot be addressed through treatment | high |
| #Q003 | monitoring | health | recommended | Source Water Characterization | drinking water | Source water should be characterised to determine if uranium is present. | high | |
| #Q004 | monitoring | reporting | guidance | Routine Monitoring Frequency | drinking water | If measured concentrations are consistent and well below the MAC, and there is no reason to expect it will vary greatly with time, then sampling may be carried out seasonally, semi-annually or annually. | If measured concentrations are consistent and well below the MAC, and there is no reason to expect it will vary greatly with time | high |
| #Q005 | monitoring | operational | guidance | Increased Monitoring Frequency | drinking water | If the uranium concentration in the source water is approaching the MAC and/or the concentration is known or expected to be changing with time (i.e., agriculturally impacted areas), then the authorities may consider increasing the monitoring frequency. | Uranium concentration in source water is approaching MAC or is known/expected to be changing with time | high |
| #Q006 | monitoring | health | recommended | Testing Triggered by Nitrate Levels | drinking water | Given the ubiquitous nature of nitrate in groundwater and the strong correlation with uranium mobilization, testing of groundwater for uranium also should be conducted at sampling sites where the nitrate concentration is at or near the MAC. | Sampling sites where nitrate concentration is at or near the MAC | high |
| #Q007 | monitoring | health | guidance | Screening for Co-occurring Radionuclides | drinking water | Since other radionuclides may co-occur with uranium, jurisdictions may want to consider screening for radioactive compounds such as radium. | high | |
| #Q008 | operational | operational | recommended | New Source Water Assessment | drinking water | Utilities practicing control options for addressing uranium concentration in source water used for drinking should assess the water quality of the new sources to ensure that it does not interfere with the existing treatment processes, impact the distribution system, and cause other water quality issues. | When utilities practice control options involving new water sources | high |
| #Q009 | monitoring | treatment | mandatory | Treated Water Monitoring | drinking water | Utilities that treat their water to remove uranium need to conduct frequent monitoring of treated water in order to make necessary process adjustments and to ensure that treatment processes are effectively removing uranium and other co-contaminants below their respective MACs. | When water is treated to remove uranium | high |
| #Q010 | monitoring | health | recommended | Distribution System Monitoring | drinking water | Consequently, monitoring should also be conducted throughout the distribution system for systems in which uranium is or was historically present in the source water. | Systems in which uranium is or was historically present in the source water | high |
| #Q011 | monitoring | health | recommended | Event-Triggered Monitoring | drinking water | When water quality or hydraulic disruptions occur in the system, the release of uranium and other contaminants may be indicated by the presence or discoloured water or increased turbidity resulting from the release of deposits or scales present on pipe wall. When this occurs, monitoring for uranium and other constituents should be conducted. | When water quality or hydraulic disruptions occur | high |
| #Q012 | monitoring | health | recommended | Co-monitoring of Constituents | drinking water | Monitoring for uranium should be done in conjunction with other metals that can co-occur in the distribution system (e.g., iron, manganese, arsenic, lead). | high | |
| #Q013 | monitoring | reporting | guidance | Decreased Monitoring Frequency | drinking water | Where uranium is not detected or is detected below the MAC in the source water, utilities may conduct less frequent monitoring. | Uranium not detected or detected below MAC in source water | high |
| #Q014 | administrative | operational | recommended | Waste Disposal Authority Consultation | drinking water | The appropriate authorities should be consulted to ensure that the disposal of liquid and solid waste residuals from the treatment of drinking water meet applicable regulations. | Disposal of liquid and solid waste residuals from water treatment | high |
| #Q015 | operational | operational | mandatory | New Source Compatibility Assessment | drinking water | Before switching, attention must be given to water quality of the new source so that it does not interfere with the existing treatment process(es). | Before switching to a new water source | high |
| #Q016 | monitoring | operational | mandatory | Blending Water Quality Characterization | drinking water | Characterization of water quality must be carried out to ensure that changes in water quality resulting from blending are assessed and that potential impacts to the existing treatment processes and distribution system are determined | When practicing water blending | high |
| #Q017 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Interconnection Water Quality Evaluation | drinking water | The water quality from the interconnecting system should be evaluated to ensure that the water characteristics will not impact the distribution system. | When interconnecting with another water system | high |
| #Q018 | monitoring | reporting | recommended | Filter Media Uranium Concentration Assessment | drinking water | The uranium concentration of the media should be assessed to determine if special precautions are necessary for waste disposal | When replacing filter media from coagulation/filtration facilities | high |
| #Q019 | operational | operational | mandatory | Ion Exchange Pre-chlorination Control | drinking water | If pre-chlorination cannot be avoided, the chlorine dose rate must be carefully controlled and monitored so that the residual enters the ion exchange system is low. | When using anion exchange resins and pre-chlorination cannot be avoided | high |
| #Q020 | design | treatment | recommended | Nanofiltration Site-Specific Testing | drinking water | Site-specific testing is recommended to determine the design criteria, potential fouling and pre- and post-treatment needs when utilities consider NF treatment. | When considering nanofiltration treatment | high |
| #Q021 | treatment | operational | recommended | RO Chlorine Quenching | drinking water | Chlorine can damage RO membranes and should be quenched using de-chlorination chemicals or GAC. | When using reverse osmosis membranes and chlorine is present | high |
| #Q022 | treatment | operational | mandatory | RO Product Water pH Adjustment | drinking water | Therefore, the product water pH must be adjusted to avoid corrosion issues in the distribution system such as the leaching of lead and copper | When using reverse osmosis (RO) | high |
| #Q023 | operational | operational | mandatory | Adsorptive Media Backwashing | drinking water | Some media can disintegrate and produce fines and if significant fines are produced, the media beds must be backwashed periodically to remove them. | If significant fines are produced by the media | high |
| #Q024 | treatment | health | recommended | Residential Treatment Device Certification | drinking water | Health Canada does not recommend specific brands of drinking water treatment devices, but it strongly recommends that consumers use devices that have been certified by an accredited certification body as meeting the appropriate NSF International (NSF)/American National Standards Institute (ANSI) drinking water treatment unit standards. | When residential drinking water treatment devices are used | high |
| #Q025 | design | operational | recommended | Reverse Osmosis Point of Use Installation | drinking water | It is important to note that reverse osmosis systems should be installed only at the point of use, as the treated water may be corrosive to internal plumbing components. | Installation of reverse osmosis systems at the residential level | high |
| #Q026 | design | health | recommended | Residential System Component Certification | drinking water | Health Canada strongly recommends that any chemicals and components used in these treatment systems be certified to NSF/ANSI Standard 60 (NSF/ANSI, 2015a), 61 (NSF/ANSI, 2015b) and 372 –(NSF/ANSI, 2011). | When using residential ion exchange treatment devices | high |
| #Q027 | monitoring | treatment | recommended | Pre-Installation Water Testing | drinking water | Before a treatment device is installed, the water should be tested to determine general water chemistry and verify the presence and concentration of uranium. | Before installing a residential treatment device | high |
| #Q028 | monitoring | health | recommended | Periodic Residential Device Testing | drinking water | Periodic testing by an accredited laboratory should be conducted on both the water entering the treatment device and the finished water to verify that the treatment device is effective. | After installing a residential treatment device | high |
| #Q029 | operational | health | recommended | Residential Device Maintenance | drinking water | Consumers should verify the expected longevity of the components in their treatment device according to the manufacturer's recommendations and service it when required. | Maintenance of residential treatment devices | high |
| #Q030 | administrative | reporting | mandatory | Waste Stream Characterization | drinking water | To assess disposal options and regulatory requirements, systems need to characterize the waste stream (residuals) generated by taking into consideration the treatment technology used, the characteristics of the source water including the uranium concentration, the presence of co-occurring radioactive isotopes and the concentrations of other contaminants in the waste residual. | When generating treatment residuals/waste stream | high |
| #Q031 | administrative | health | recommended | Residuals NORM Assessment | drinking water | Residuals generated by drinking water treatment facilities should be assessed to determine if they need to be disposed of in accordance with the Canadian Guidelines for the Management of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) (Health Canada, 2011b). | Residuals generated by drinking water treatment facilities | high |
| #Q032 | administrative | reporting | recommended | Radionuclide Waste Disposal Consultation | drinking water | The appropriate authorities should be consulted for the disposal of liquid and solid waste from the treatment of drinking water containing radionuclides. | Disposal of liquid and solid waste containing radionuclides | high |
| #Q033 | administrative | reporting | recommended | Jurisdictional Guidance Acquisition | drinking water | Specific guidance related to the implementation of drinking water guidelines should be obtained from the appropriate drinking water authority in the affected jurisdiction. | Implementation of drinking water guidelines | high |
| #Q034 | design | operational | mandatory | Interconnection Feasibility Assessment | drinking water | When interconnecting with another water system, the recipient system must consider a number of factors including if there is a nearby water supply that meets the uranium MAC; , if this other system is willing to interconnect or consolidate and; if the interconnecting system can handle increased demand (and associated residuals management) resulting from additional customers. | When interconnecting with another water system | high |
| #Q035 | treatment | operational | guidance | Consumer Pre-treatment Guidance | drinking water | A consumer may need to pre-treat the influent water to reduce fouling and extend the service life of the membrane. | Residential use of reverse osmosis systems | high |
| #Q036 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Analytical Method Matrix Consideration | drinking water | In selecting an analytical method, consideration should be given to the water matrix to minimize the effect of interfering agents. | Selection of analytical methods for uranium measurement | high |
| #Q037 | treatment | operational | guidance | Lime Softening Re-carbonation | drinking water | The treated water may require re-carbonation (to reduce pH) and the addition of corrosion-inhibiting chemicals to protect the distribution system (to counter potentially altered corrosivity of the treated water due to the removal of hardness and alkalinity). | When using lime softening for uranium removal | high |
| #Q038 | treatment | operational | guidance | Anion Exchange Effluent pH Adjustment | drinking water | Raising the pH of the treated water may be required at the beginning of the run (100–400 BVs) to avoid corrosion and resulting lead and copper problems in the distribution system | During the initial phase (first 100-400 bed volumes) of an anion exchange run | high |
| #Q039 | monitoring | reporting | guideline | Radiological Method Use Restriction | drinking water | Mass based methods are exclusively recommended in this document, as the health effects are based on the chemical properties of uranium and calculated on a mass exposure basis. The radiological methods approved by the U.S. EPA are not appropriate for use as they rely on conversion factors to estimate the mass of uranium based on radioactivity which could lead to inaccuracies. | Monitoring for compliance with the chemical MAC | high |
| #Q040 | operational | operational | recommended | Compliance Maintenance for Source Changes | drinking water | Also any change in water quality should not cause other compliance issues. | When switching sources, blending, or interconnecting | high |
| Req ID | Category | Intent | Legal Status | Name | Subdomain(s) | Limit Type | Limit Value | Context | Conditions | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #P001 | chemical | health | guideline | total uranium | drinking water | MAC | 0.02 mg/L | A maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) of 0.02 mg/L (20 µg/L) is proposed for total uranium in drinking water. | Focus of this document is limited to uranium's chemical properties. Health effects related to radiological properties are not of concern at levels found in Canadian drinking water supplies. | high |
| #P002 | chemical | health | guideline | total uranium | drinking water | MAC | 20 µg/L | A maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) of 0.02 mg/L (20 µg/L) is proposed for total uranium in drinking water. | Focus of this document is limited to uranium's chemical properties. Health effects related to radiological properties are not of concern at levels found in Canadian drinking water supplies. | high |
| #P003 | chemical | health | guidance | total uranium | drinking water | requirement | 0.014 mg/L | Using the TDI derived above, a health-based value (HBV) for total uranium in drinking water can be calculated as follows... 0.014 mg/L | Based on a TDI of 0.0006 mg/kg bw per day, 70 kg average body weight, 0.5 allocation factor, and 1.5 L/day ingestion rate. | high |
| #P004 | chemical | health | guidance | Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) | drinking water | requirement | 0.0006 mg/kg bw per day | A TDI of 0.0006 mg/kg bw per day, therefore can be derived as follows: TDI = 0.06 mg/kg bw per day / 100 | Based on the LOAEL from the Gilman et al. (1998a) rat study and an uncertainty factor of 100. | high |
| #P005 | radiological | health | guideline | Activity concentration for uranium radioisotopes | drinking water | requirement | 3 Bq/L | Activity concentrations of 3 Bq/L have been derived for exposure to 238U, 235U and 234U in drinking water based on cancer endpoints. | Equivalent to 120 µg/L of total uranium, which is higher than exposure level associated with non-cancer effects. | high |
| #P006 | design | treatment | guidance | Coagulation/filtration removal efficiency | drinking water | treatment_goal | > 85 % | In general, the uranium removal rates exceed 85% when using either alum or ferric sulphate at a pH of 6.0 and 10.0. | Dependent on pH and coagulant dose. | high |
| #P007 | design | treatment | guidance | Lime softening removal efficiency | drinking water | treatment_goal | 85-90 % | Limited information indicated that lime softening... can also achieve 85-90 % uranium removal from a drinking water supply. | Typically accomplished at a pH range of 9.0–9.5 for calcium removal. | high |
| #P008 | design | treatment | guidance | Reverse osmosis (RO) removal efficiency | drinking water | treatment_goal | > 99.0 % | All four membranes achieved greater than 99.0% removals of uranium for up to 74 days of intermittent system operation. | Evaluated at pilot-scale for uranium removal in groundwater. | high |
| #P009 | design | treatment | guidance | Nanofiltration (NF) removal efficiency | drinking water | treatment_goal | 95-98 % | Studies indicated that the NF membranes effectively rejected (95–98%) uranyl-carbonate complexes. | Based on pilot-scale and laboratory tests. | high |
| #P010 | operational | reporting | guidance | Practical Quantitation Limit (PQL) | drinking water | unknown | 5 pCi/L | The current practical quantitation limit (PQL) established by the U.S. EPA is 5 pCi/L (or approximately 3.33 µg/L – 7.46 µg/L). | high | |
| #P011 | operational | health | guidance | Adult body weight | drinking water | requirement | 70 kg | 70 kg is the average body weight of an adult (Health Canada, 1994) used for HBV calculation. | high | |
| #P012 | operational | health | guidance | Daily average drinking water ingestion | drinking water | requirement | 1.5 L/d | 1.5 L/day is the daily average volume of drinking water ingested by an adult (Health Canada, 1994). | high | |
| #P013 | operational | health | guidance | Drinking water allocation factor | drinking water | requirement | 0.5 unitless | 0.5 is the allocation factor estimated for drinking water. | Allocating 50% source contribution to drinking water is deemed appropriate given only two major sources of exposure have been identified. | high |
| #P014 | chemical | health | guidance | Lowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (LOAEL) | drinking water | requirement | 0.06 mg/kg bw per day | The LOAEL of 0.06 mg uranium/kg bw per day value from the Gilman et al. (1998a) study was used as a point of departure. | Based on kidney effects in male rats. | high |
| #P015 | chemical | health | guidance | Uncertainty factor for TDI derivation | drinking water | requirement | 100 unitless | An uncertainty factor of 100 was applied to the LOAEL... (x10 for interspecies variability, x10 for intraspecies variability). | high | |
| #P016 | design | treatment | guidance | Strong-base anion exchange (SBA) removal efficiency | drinking water | treatment_goal | > 99.0 % | A series of bench-, pilot-, and field/full-scale IX and RO studies showed greater than 99.0% uranium removal in drinking water. | Standard SBA resins are impacted by sulphate ions. | high |
| #P017 | radiological | health | guidance | Radiological activity concentration mass equivalent | drinking water | requirement | 120 µg/L | Activity concentrations of 3 Bq/L have been derived... This is equivalent to 120 µg/L of total uranium. | Calculated based on cancer endpoints for exposure to uranium radioisotopes. | high |
| #P018 | operational | treatment | guidance | Cyclic run length for SBA ion exchange | drinking water | OG | 30,000 - 50,000 BVs | Clifford (1999) indicated that a cyclic run length ranging from 30,000 to 50,000 BVs would be appropriate for uranium removal in drinking water. | Appropriate to avoid excessive uranium levels in waste brine. | high |
| #P019 | operational | treatment | guidance | Lime softening operating pH for uranium removal | drinking water | requirement | > 10.6 pH units | The lime softening process for uranium removal needs to raise the water pH to greater than 10.6 and have sufficient magnesium (indigenous or added) concentration. | Specifically for achieving 85-90% or higher uranium removal. | high |
| #P020 | operational | operational | guidance | SBA ion exchange pH reduction threshold | drinking water | requirement | < 6.5 pH units | The process will typically reduce alkalinity and lower the treated water pH to less than 6.5 during the first 100 BVs of a run. | Occurs during initial stage of run with freshly regenerated resin. | high |
| #P021 | chemical | health | guidance | Bone effects LOAEL (Domingo et al. 1989a) | drinking water | requirement | >= 14 mg uranium/kg bw per day | The literature shows uranium does have an effect on bone development and maintenance but studies are insufficient to provide a NOAEL/LOAEL with the exception of Domingo et al. (1989a) which showed fetal skeletal effects at >= 14 mg uranium/kg bw per day. | Observed in the presence of high maternal toxicity. | high |
| #P022 | radiological | reporting | guidance | Uranium-238 mass-to-activity conversion factor | drinking water | requirement | 0.67 pCi/µg | The U.S. EPA Radionuclides Rule established a conservative conversion factor to convert mass of 238U to pCi. | The conversion factor of 0.67 assumes a 1:1 activity ratio of 234U to 238U. | high |
| #P023 | operational | reporting | guideline | EPA 200.8 Method Detection Limit (SIM Mode) | drinking water | requirement | 0.01 µg/L | EPA 200.8 Rev 5.4 uses an inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method and has a method detection limit (MDL) of ... 0.01 µg/L when the instrument is in selection ion monitoring mode. | Instrument in selection ion monitoring (SIM) mode | high |
| #P024 | operational | treatment | guidance | GAC Uranium Removal Efficiency pH Threshold | drinking water | treatment_goal | < 6.4 pH units | A 95.0% removal was achieved at pH below 6.4, while the lowest removal of 1% was reported for pH greater than 9.1. | Granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment for uranium removal | high |
| #P025 | radiological | reporting | guidance | Curie to Becquerel Unit Conversion Factor | drinking water | requirement | 3.7 x 10^10 Bq/Ci | It should also be noted that in order to convert curies (Ci) to International System of Units (SI) unit of Becquerel (Bq), a conversion factor of 1 Ci = 3.7 x 10^10 Bq should be used. | high |
| Req ID | Category | Name | Context | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #D001 | zeta potential | the charge that develops at the interface between a solid surface and its liquid medium. | high | |
| #D002 | PZC | the pH value at which a solid in a liquid medium exhibits zero net electrical charge on the surface. | high | |
| #D003 | AA | activated alumina | high | |
| #D004 | ALP | alkaline phosphatase | high | |
| #D005 | AM | adsorptive media | high | |
| #D006 | ANSI | American National Standards Institute | high | |
| #D007 | AST | aspartate aminotransferase | high | |
| #D008 | ATP | adenosine triphosphate | high | |
| #D009 | ATSDR | Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry | high | |
| #D010 | BAT | best available technology | high | |
| #D011 | BMG | β2-microglobulin | high | |
| #D012 | BMI | body mass index | high | |
| #D013 | BV | bed volume | high | |
| #D014 | bw | body weight | high | |
| #D015 | CAS | chemical abstracts service | high | |
| #D016 | CBMN | cytokinesis-block-micronucleus centromere | high | |
| #D017 | CCME | Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment | high | |
| #D018 | CHMS | Canadian Health Measures Survey | high | |
| #D019 | CP | ceruloplasmin | high | |
| #D020 | CYP3A | cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A | high | |
| #D021 | DMT1 | divalent metal transporter 1 | high | |
| #D022 | DOC | dissolved organic carbon | high | |
| #D023 | DOM | dissolved organic matter | high | |
| #D024 | DU | depleted uranium | high | |
| #D025 | EBCT | empty bed contact time | high | |
| #D026 | F | first filial generation | high | |
| #D027 | FISH | fluorescence in situ hybridization | high | |
| #D028 | GAC | granular activated carbon | high | |
| #D029 | GFR | glomerular filtration rate | high | |
| #D030 | GI | gastrointestinal | high | |
| #D031 | GGT | γ-glutamyl transferase | high | |
| #D032 | GOT | glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase | high | |
| #D033 | gpm | gallons per minute | high | |
| #D034 | GPT | glutamic pyearuvic transaminase | high | |
| #D035 | GPx | glutathione peroxidase | high | |
| #D036 | GR | glutathione reductase | high | |
| #D037 | GSH | reduced glutathione | high | |
| #D038 | GSSG | oxidized glutathione | high | |
| #D039 | GST | glutathione-S-transferase | high | |
| #D040 | HIX | hybrid ion exchange | high | |
| #D041 | IARC | International Agency for Research on Cancer | high | |
| #D042 | ICP-MS | inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry | high | |
| #D043 | ICRP | Internal Commission on Radiological Protection | high | |
| #D044 | IFN-γ | interferon gamma | high | |
| #D045 | IX | ion exchange | high | |
| #D046 | HBV | health-based value | high | |
| #D047 | Kim-1 | kidney injury molecule-1 | high | |
| #D048 | LD50 | lethal dose that causes 50% mortality | high | |
| #D049 | LOAEL | lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level | high | |
| #D050 | LOD | limit of detection | high | |
| #D051 | LOEL | lowest-observed-effect-level | high | |
| #D052 | MCHC | mean corpusclar hemoglobin concentration | high | |
| #D053 | MAC | maximum acceptable concentration | high | |
| #D054 | MCL | maximum contaminant level (United States) | high | |
| #D055 | mRNA | messenger ribonucleic acid | high | |
| #D056 | m/z ratio | mass to charge ratio | high | |
| #D057 | NCRPM | National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements | high | |
| #D058 | NF | nanofiltration | high | |
| #D059 | NO2 | nitrogen dioxide | high | |
| #D060 | NOAEL | no-observed-adverse-effect-level | high | |
| #D061 | NOEL | no-observed-effect-level | high | |
| #D062 | NORM | naturally occurring radioactive materials | high | |
| #D063 | OPN | osteopontin | high | |
| #D064 | PEUF | polyelectrolyte-enhanced ultrafiltration | high | |
| #D065 | PHG | public health guideline | high | |
| #D066 | POE | point-of-entry | high | |
| #D067 | POU | point-of-use | high | |
| #D068 | PQL | practical quantitation limit | high | |
| #D069 | protein HC | alpha-1-microglobulin | high | |
| #D070 | PZC | point of zero charge | high | |
| #D071 | RBC | red blood cell | high | |
| #D072 | RO | reverse osmosis | high | |
| #D073 | SBA | strong-base anion exchange | high | |
| #D074 | SCC | Standards Council of Canada | high | |
| #D075 | SOD | superoxide dismutase | high | |
| #D076 | ST1A1 | sulfotransferase 1A1 | high | |
| #D077 | TBARS | thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances | high | |
| #D078 | TDI | tolerable daily intake | high | |
| #D079 | TDS | Total Diet Study | high | |
| #D080 | Timp-1 | tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 | high | |
| #D081 | TNF-α | tumor necrosis factor alpha | high | |
| #D082 | TOC | total organic carbon | high | |
| #D083 | UAD | uranyl acetate dihydrate | high | |
| #D084 | WHO | World Health Organization | high | |
| #D085 | XME | xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes | high | |
| #D086 | Natural uranium | a mixture of three radioisotopes 238U, 235U and 234U, in concentrations of 99.2745%, 0.720% and 0.0055%, respectively. | high | |
| #D087 | Bq | Becquerel | high | |
| #D088 | Ci | Currie | high | |
| #D089 | Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) | a highly sensitive detection technique [where] an inductively coupled plasma source is used to ionize and atomize the analyte, which is then separated by a mass spectrometer based on mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio. | high | |
| #D090 | Blending | diluting uranium concentrations of a contaminated source with another source containing low concentration or no uranium. | high | |
| #D091 | Ion exchange | a physicochemical process in which there is an exchange of ions in the raw water with ions within the solid phase of a resin (cation or anion resin). | high | |
| #D092 | Reverse osmosis | a process that moves treated water (or permeate) across a semi-permeable membrane against the concentration gradient, when a pressure higher than the osmotic pressure is exerted on the side with the concentrated solution. | high | |
| #D093 | HIX | a macro-porous polystyearene/divinylbenzene media, utilized hydrous iron oxide nanoparticles (for arsenic removal) impregnated into a SBA resin (for uranium removal). | high | |
| #D094 | LM-PEUF | ligand-modified, polyelectrolyte-enhanced ultrafiltration process [that] uses organic ligands that selectively complex the target ions and electrostatically bind them to cationic polymer, producing a filtrate with a low concentration of the target ion. | high | |
| #D095 | DCMD | direct contact membrane distillation process [where] the saline water, containing the contaminants of interest, is passed on one side of a hydrophobic, porous membrane while a colder water stream flows on the other side to directly condense the permeate water. | high | |
| #D096 | CDW | Federal-Provincial-Territorial Committee on Drinking Water | high | |
| #D097 | Uranium | a dense, silvery-white, weakly radioactive metal that rapidly oxidizes when exposed to air | high | |
| #D098 | GFO | granular ferric oxide | high | |
| #D099 | GFH | granular ferric hydroxide | high | |
| #D100 | SAC | strong acid cation resin | high | |
| #D101 | ILM-PEUF | inorganic-ligand modified | high | |
| #D102 | EPOR | erythropoietin receptor | high | |
| #D103 | SPP1 | secreted phosphoprotein 1 | high | |
| #D104 | MDL | method detection limit | high | |
| #D105 | HDPE | high-density polyethylene | high | |
| #D106 | NTP | National Toxicology Program | high | |
| #D107 | U.S. EPA | United States Environmental Protection Agency | high | |
| #D108 | USGS | U.S. Geological Survey | high | |
| #D109 | SI | International System of Units | high | |
| #D110 | green rust | mixed ferric/ferrous hydroxides | high | |
| #D111 | uranous | U4+ ion | high | |
| #D112 | uranyl | UO22+ ion | high | |
| #D113 | SSCTs | Small System Compliance Technologies | high | |
| #D114 | permeate | treated water | high | |
| #D115 | ArsenXnp | a macro-porous polystyearene/divinylbenzene media, utilized hydrous iron oxide nanoparticles (for arsenic removal) impregnated into a SBA resin (for uranium removal) | high | |
| #D116 | lepidocrocite mineral | [γ-FeO(OH)] | high | |
| #D117 | fetuin-A | homologue of human α2-HS-glycoprotein | high | |
| #D118 | Hydroxyapatite | a common phosphate mineral deposit formed in drinking water systems | high | |
| #D119 | CSA | Canadian Standards Association | high | |
| #D120 | UL | Underwriters Laboratories | high | |
| #D121 | RSCT | Rapid Small-Scale Column Test | high |