| Req ID | Category | Intent | Legal Status | Name | Subdomain(s) | Context | Conditions | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #Q001 | reporting | reporting | mandatory | Separate Measurement Addition | drinking water | Therefore, if the two forms are measured separately, the two concentrations must be added before comparison with the MAC and AO. | When dissolved and particulate forms of manganese are measured separately. | high |
| #Q002 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Source Water Characterization | drinking water | Water sources should be characterized to determine if manganese is present. | high | |
| #Q003 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Surface Water Stratification Sampling | drinking water | This should include sampling during periods when manganese is mostly likely to be elevated in surface waters such as during thermal stratification in the summer and lake turnover in the fall. | When characterizing surface water sources. | high |
| #Q004 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Well Field Characterization | drinking water | Therefore, all wells in a well field should be characterized. | For groundwater sources with multiple wells. | high |
| #Q005 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Surface Water Monitoring Frequency | drinking water | Monitoring of surface water should be conducted quarterly with weekly monitoring during summer/fall in lakes and reservoirs subject to stratification and/or large fluctuations in manganese concentrations. | high | |
| #Q006 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Groundwater Monitoring Frequency | drinking water | Groundwater sources should be monitored semi-annually. | high | |
| #Q007 | administrative | reporting | guidance | Reduced Source Monitoring Consideration | drinking water | Authorities may consider reduced monitoring when it has been demonstrated that manganese is present at concentrations equal to or below 0.02 mg/L in the source water and/or appropriate treatment is in place. | When historical manganese concentrations are equal to or below 0.02 mg/L and/or appropriate treatment is in place. | high |
| #Q008 | monitoring | treatment | mandatory | Treatment Plant Frequent Monitoring | drinking water | Utilities that treat their water to remove manganese need to conduct frequent monitoring of raw and treated water, in order to make necessary process adjustments and to ensure that treatment processes are effectively removing manganese concentrations below the MAC and the AO. | For utilities treating water to remove manganese. | high |
| #Q009 | monitoring | treatment | guidance | Treatment Process Step Monitoring | drinking water | Monitoring within the treatment plant, at key treatment steps, may be needed if a utility is having difficulty controlling manganese concentrations in the treated water. | If a utility is having difficulty controlling manganese concentrations in the treated water. | high |
| #Q010 | monitoring | treatment | recommended | Component Filtration Monitoring | drinking water | Appropriate filtration should be conducted on a portion of samples collected to determine the particulate and dissolved manganese components. | high | |
| #Q011 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Distribution System Monitoring for Accumulated Manganese | drinking water | Since manganese can accumulate and release in distributions systems, monitoring within the distribution system and at consumers’ taps should also be conducted for systems where manganese is or was historically present in the source water. | For systems where manganese is or was historically present in the source water. | high |
| #Q012 | monitoring | operational | guidance | Event-Based Distribution Monitoring | drinking water | Event-based monitoring may be needed during conditions where risk of release is increased, such as following any hydraulic disturbances (e.g., main breaks or hydrant flushing) to the system or changes in water chemistry (e.g., changes to pH, temperature, source water type or uncontrolled source water blending, chlorine residual, or uncontrolled disinfectant blending). | During conditions where risk of release is increased (hydraulic disturbances or water chemistry changes). | high |
| #Q013 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Discoloured Water Event Monitoring | drinking water | Monitoring should also be conducted during any discoloured water event, although the absence of discoloured water should not be interpreted as the absence of a manganese release. | During any discoloured water event. | high |
| #Q014 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Co-occurring Metals Monitoring | drinking water | Monitoring for manganese should be done in conjunction with other metals that can co-occur in the distribution system and have been shown to release with manganese (e.g., iron, arsenic, lead). | high | |
| #Q015 | monitoring | reporting | recommended | Compliance Monitoring Location | drinking water | Monitoring for manganese should be conducted primarily at consumers’ taps, with a portion of samples collected from sites that are located in close proximity to the treatment plant. | high | |
| #Q016 | monitoring | reporting | recommended | Routine Compliance Monitoring Frequency | drinking water | At a minimum, routine monitoring is recommended to be conducted quarterly. | high | |
| #Q017 | monitoring | health | guidance | Private Well Monitoring Frequency | drinking water | Homeowners with private wells are also encouraged to have their water tested for manganese once a year to ensure that the concentration in their water supply is below the MAC. | For homeowners with private wells. | high |
| #Q018 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Treatment Device Performance Monitoring | drinking water | In addition, homeowners with private wells using point-of-entry or point-of-use treatment devices should conduct routine testing on both the water entering the treatment device and the treated water to verify that the treatment device is effective. | For homeowners with private wells using point-of-entry or point-of-use treatment devices. | high |
| #Q019 | monitoring | reporting | recommended | Filtration of Dissolved Metals | drinking water | To determine dissolved metals, samples should be filtered at the time of collection using preconditioned plastic filtering devices under either vacuum or pressure. | When determining dissolved metals. | high |
| #Q020 | monitoring | reporting | recommended | Filtrate Acidification | drinking water | The filtrate should be acidified to pH < 2 with concentrated nitric acid. | Following sample filtration to determine dissolved metals. | high |
| #Q021 | monitoring | reporting | recommended | Particulate Manganese Retention and Digestion | drinking water | To determine particulate manganese, the filter should be retained and the particulate material on it digested in the laboratory using appropriate methods (APHA et al., 2012). | When determining particulate manganese. | high |
| #Q022 | monitoring | reporting | mandatory | Colloidal Manganese Quantification Filtering | drinking water | Therefore, following initial filtering through a 0.20 µm filter, the sample will require additional filtering through a 30,000 molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) filter when quantification of colloidal manganese is needed. | When quantification of colloidal manganese is needed. | high |
| #Q023 | monitoring | treatment | recommended | Unit Process Performance Monitoring | drinking water | Utilities should conduct monitoring within treatment plants, including periodically determining the different forms of manganese (e.g., dissolved and particulate) to ensure that unit processes are adequately removing manganese. | high | |
| #Q024 | treatment | treatment | mandatory | Greensand Media Regeneration | drinking water | An excess of oxidant is required to ensure the MnOx(s) adsorption sites are regenerated. | When continuously regenerating manganese greensand media. | high |
| #Q025 | monitoring | treatment | mandatory | Intermittent Greensand Regeneration Monitoring | drinking water | This method requires careful monitoring of Mn(II) in the treated water to ensure that the greensand media is taken offline and regenerated prior to significant amount of dissolved Mn(II) passing through the filter and into the finished water. | When using intermittent regeneration process for greensand media. | high |
| #Q026 | treatment | treatment | recommended | Media Cleaning Before Biological Filtration Conversion | drinking water | It is recommended that utilities intending to convert an existing MnOx(s) coated media filter consider removing the media and cleaning or replacing it prior to converting to biological filtration (Kohl and Dixon, 2012). | When converting an existing MnOx(s) coated media filter to biological filtration. | high |
| #Q027 | monitoring | treatment | mandatory | Sequestration Efficacy Monitoring | drinking water | When sequestration is used as a control measure, routine sampling in the distribution system to measure total manganese concentrations is needed to ensure that the concentration remains below the MAC. | When sequestration is used as a control measure. | high |
| #Q028 | monitoring | treatment | recommended | Residuals Processing Side Stream Monitoring | drinking water | Careful sampling of dissolved Mn(II) concentrations in these residuals processing side streams is strongly recommended. | For solids processing operations recycle streams. | high |
| #Q029 | treatment | treatment | recommended | Residuals Processing Side Stream Treatment | drinking water | Likewise, treatment of such side streams for dissolved Mn(II) removal should be considered. | For solids processing operations recycle streams. | high |
| #Q030 | operational | operational | recommended | Distribution System Deposition Management | drinking water | Utilities should ensure that manganese treatment and control measures include consideration of the deposition and possible release of manganese in the distribution system. | high | |
| #Q031 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Pre-Installation Source Water Chemistry Testing | drinking water | Before a treatment device is installed, the water should be tested to determine general water chemistry and verify the presence and concentrations of manganese in the source water. | Prior to installation of a residential drinking water treatment device. | high |
| #Q032 | monitoring | operational | recommended | Post-Installation Treatment Device Testing | drinking water | Periodic testing by an accredited laboratory should be conducted on both the water entering the treatment device and the finished water, to verify that the treatment device is effective. | For residential drinking water treatment devices. | high |
| #Q033 | operational | operational | recommended | Treatment Device Maintenance | drinking water | Consumers should verify the expected longevity of the components in their treatment device according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and service it when required. | For residential drinking water treatment devices. | high |
| #Q034 | design | health | recommended | Residential Treatment Device Certification | drinking water | Health Canada does not recommend specific brands of drinking water treatment devices, but it strongly recommends that consumers use devices that have been certified by an accredited certification body as meeting the appropriate NSF International (NSF) /American National Standards Institute (ANSI) drinking water treatment unit standards. | For residential point-of-entry or point-of-use systems. | high |
| #Q035 | design | health | recommended | Residential Device Chemical and Component Certification | drinking water | Health Canada strongly recommends that any chemicals and components used in these treatment systems be certified to NSF/ANSI Standard 60 – Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals Health Effects (NSF/ANSI, 2014b), NSF/ANSI Standard 61 – Drinking Water System Components Health Effects (NSF/ANSI, 2014c) and NSF/ANSI Standard 372 – Drinking Water System Components Lead Content (NSF/ANSI, 2011). | For residential drinking water treatment systems. | high |
| #Q036 | operational | operational | mandatory | Cation Exchange Device Monitoring | drinking water | Therefore, careful operation and monitoring of these systems is necessary. | For point-of-use devices that use cation exchange media. | medium |
| #Q037 | operational | operational | mandatory | Greensand Filter Selection and Operation Careful Consideration | drinking water | For these reasons, homeowners need to give careful consideration to the selection and operation of these types of treatment systems for manganese removal. | For point-of-entry oxidizing filters such as greensand filters in residential applications. | medium |
| #Q038 | monitoring | operational | mandatory | Residential Greensand Filtration Routine Monitoring | drinking water | In addition, it is important to routinely monitor the manganese concentration in the water treated by greensand filtration to ensure that the system is effectively removing manganese and that release of manganese from the filters is not occurring. | For residential water treated by greensand filtration. | high |
| #Q039 | operational | operational | guidance | Colloidal Manganese Quantification Guidance | drinking water | Utilities that are experiencing difficulties controlling manganese in treated water, and that are directly oxidizing manganese using potassium permanganate, chlorine dioxide or ozone, may also consider quantifying the colloidal manganese fraction of selected samples within the treatment train. | Utilities using strong oxidants experiencing difficulty controlling manganese in treated water. | high |
| #Q040 | monitoring | operational | guidance | Distribution System Sampling Location Strategy | drinking water | Distribution system sampling locations would ideally be located where there are both increased risk factors for manganese accumulation (e.g., proximity to water treatment plant, pipe materials, biofilm) and event-based release risk factors. | high | |
| #Q041 | treatment | treatment | recommended | Oxidant Selection Jar Testing | drinking water | Utilities should conduct jar testing to assess which oxidants may be effective with their source water and treatment plant design prior to selecting an oxidant. | Prior to selecting a chemical oxidant for treatment. | high |
| #Q042 | treatment | treatment | recommended | Oxidant Addition Point Recommendation | drinking water | It is generally recommended that these oxidants [permanganate, chlorine dioxide and ozone] be added prior to coagulation/flocculation processes so that the colloidal particles can be destabilized and removed through conventional sedimentation and filtration processes (Brandhuber et al., 2013). | When using strong oxidants (permanganate, chlorine dioxide, ozone) to oxidize Mn(II). | high |
| #Q043 | operational | operational | mandatory | Permanganate Dosing Precision | drinking water | In practice, dosing of permanganate to oxidize Mn(II) must be precisely optimized to completely oxidize Mn(II) without resulting in any excess permanganate in the treated water. | When using permanganate for oxidation. | high |
| #Q044 | operational | treatment | mandatory | Membrane Protection Oxidation Timing | drinking water | In these cases it is important that the oxidation reactions are completed before the water reaches the membranes, as formation of precipitates within the membrane pores can damage the membrane structure. | For facilities using oxidant-resistant low pressure membrane filtration. | high |
| #Q045 | operational | operational | recommended | Water Stability Control Parameters | drinking water | Key water quality conditions that should be controlled in order to maintain water stability for deposited inorganics, including pH, ORP, and corrosion control measures, as well as avoiding the uncontrolled blending of surface water and ground water, and avoiding the uncontrolled blending of chlorinated and chloraminated water. | To maintain water stability and minimize release of deposited inorganics in the distribution system. | high |
| #Q046 | administrative | reporting | recommended | Obtain Authority Guidance | drinking water | Specific guidance related to the implementation of drinking water guidelines should be obtained from the appropriate drinking water authority in the affected jurisdiction. | During the implementation of drinking water guidelines. | high |
| #Q047 | monitoring | operational | guidance | Reduced Distribution Monitoring | drinking water | Utilities that undertake preventive measures with stable hydraulic, physical and water quality conditions and have baseline data indicating that manganese does not occur in the system may conduct less frequent monitoring. | When utilities have stable conditions and baseline data indicating no manganese. | high |
| #Q048 | monitoring | operational | guidance | Colorimetric Process Monitoring | drinking water | In many cases, process monitoring within a treatment plant can be conducted using colorimetric methods to reduce analytical costs. | For process monitoring within a treatment plant. | high |
| #Q049 | monitoring | reporting | mandatory | Turbidity Based Acid Digestion | drinking water | Currently, EPA methods 200.7, 200.8 and 200.9 and SM 3111B, SM 3113B, SM 3120B and SM 3125B require acid digestion of samples only when the turbidity of the acid-preserved sample is greater than one (1) nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU). | When sample turbidity is greater than 1 NTU. | high |
| #Q050 | operational | treatment | recommended | Treated Water Goal Objective | drinking water | Based on the information discussed above, it is recommended that treatment plants establish a treated water goal of ≤ 0.015 mg/L of total manganese (Brandhuber et al., 2013), which is achievable in most well operated and optimized treatment plants. | For municipal water treatment plants. | high |
| #Q051 | operational | operational | mandatory | Sequestration Accumulation Risk Assessment | drinking water | However, careful consideration needs to be given to the potential for the accumulation and subsequent release of manganese in the distribution system. | When considering sequestration for manganese control. | high |
| #Q052 | administrative | reporting | recommended | Confidentiality Statement Duty | other | Authors who do not want their name and affiliation shared with their CDW member should provide a statement to this effect along with their comments. | During the public consultation period ending August 5, 2016. | high |
| #Q053 | administrative | reporting | mandatory | Consultation Comment Receipt Deadline | other | All comments must be received before August 5, 2016. | Regarding the public consultation for the proposed manganese drinking water guideline. | high |
| #Q054 | administrative | reporting | guidance | Consultation Comment Email Option | other | Comments can be sent to the CDW Secretariat via email at water_eau@hc-sc.gc.ca. | Primary method for submission of comments for public consultation. | high |
| #Q055 | administrative | reporting | guidance | Consultation Comment Mail Option | other | If this is not feasible, comments may be sent by mail to the CDW Secretariat, Water and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, 3rd Floor, 269 Laurier Avenue West, A.L. 4903D, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9. | If email submission for public consultation is not feasible. | high |
| #Q056 | administrative | reporting | recommended | Consultation Rationale Requirement | other | Comments are appreciated, with accompanying rationale, where required. | When submitting comments during the public consultation. | high |
| #Q057 | operational | operational | mandatory | Distribution Risk Identification Understanding Requirement | drinking water | Identifying high risk areas in the distribution system will require an understanding of factors affecting risk of accumulation (e.g., presence of manganese in source/treated water, proximity to water treatment plant, pipe materials, biofilm) as well as risk of release (e.g., unstable water quality conditions, hydraulic/physical disturbances). | For utilities managing manganese accumulation and release in distribution systems. | high |
| #Q058 | operational | treatment | mandatory | Media Adsorption Maintenance | drinking water | Continuous or intermittent dosing of an oxidant to the raw water prior to contact with the media is required to maintain the MnOx(s) adsorption sites. | For treatment systems using MnOx(s) coated filter media. | high |
| #Q059 | operational | operational | recommended | Flushing Application Method | drinking water | unidirectional flushing should be applied on site-specific basis. | When utilizing unidirectional flushing for distribution system sediment management. | high |
| #Q060 | operational | operational | mandatory | Reservoir Aeration Control | drinking water | Careful control is needed to avoid reservoir destratification, which can lead to other water quality issues. | When using aeration techniques as a control option for lowering manganese levels in surface water. | high |
| #Q061 | monitoring | operational | guidance | Fluctuating Source Monitoring Frequency | drinking water | surface water treatment plants where manganese concentrations fluctuate and oxidation and filtration are used for treatment may need to monitor daily. | For surface water treatment plants with fluctuating manganese concentrations using oxidation and filtration. | high |
| #Q062 | operational | treatment | mandatory | General Oxidant Dosing Requirement | drinking water | In addition, oxidant doses greater than the stoichiometric ratios are needed to meet the oxidant demand of the source water and achieve adequate oxidation of manganese (Kohl and Medlar, 2006). | During chemical oxidation for manganese removal. | high |
| #Q063 | operational | health | recommended | Chlorine Dioxide Feed Dose Limit | drinking water | However, to ensure that the chlorite and chlorate guidelines can be met, it is recommended that treatment plants using chlorine dioxide as a primary disinfectant not exceed a feed dose of 1.2 mg/L (Health Canada, 2008). | For treatment plants using chlorine dioxide as a primary disinfectant. | high |
| Req ID | Category | Intent | Legal Status | Name | Subdomain(s) | Limit Type | Limit Value | Context | Conditions | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #P001 | chemical | health | guideline | Total manganese | drinking water | MAC | 0.1 mg/L | A maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) of 0.1 mg/L (100 µg/L) is proposed for total manganese in drinking water. | Based on infants, the most sensitive population. | high |
| #P002 | physical | aesthetic | guideline | Total manganese | drinking water | AO | 0.02 mg/L | An aesthetic objective (AO) of 0.02 mg/L (20 µg/L) is also proposed for total manganese in drinking water. | To minimize the occurrence of discoloured water complaints and improve consumer confidence. | high |
| #P003 | operational | treatment | recommended | Total manganese | drinking water | treatment_goal | <= 0.015 mg/L | It is recommended that treatment plants establish a treated water goal of <= 0.015 mg/L of total manganese. | Achievable in most well operated and optimized treatment plants to minimize accumulation in the distribution system. | high |
| #P004 | chemical | health | guideline | Chlorite | drinking water | requirement | 1 mg/L | In Canada, chlorite and chlorate have health-based drinking water guidelines of 1 mg/L. | When chlorine dioxide is used as an oxidant. | high |
| #P005 | chemical | health | guideline | Chlorate | drinking water | requirement | 1 mg/L | In Canada, chlorite and chlorate have health-based drinking water guidelines of 1 mg/L. | When chlorine dioxide is used as an oxidant. | high |
| #P006 | operational | operational | recommended | Chlorine dioxide feed dose | drinking water | OG | <= 1.2 mg/L | It is recommended that treatment plants using chlorine dioxide as a primary disinfectant not exceed a feed dose of 1.2 mg/L. | To ensure that the chlorite and chlorate guidelines can be met. | high |
| #P007 | chemical | treatment | guidance | Dissolved manganese (Mn(II)) | drinking water | requirement | <= 0.05 mg/L | For a device to be certified for manganese reduction under Standard 42, it must be capable of achieving the reduction of 1-2 mg/L of dissolved manganese (Mn(II)) down to a maximum treated water concentration of 0.05 mg/L. | Certification requirement under NSF/ANSI Standard 42: Drinking Water Treatment Units - Aesthetic Effects. | high |
| #P008 | operational | reporting | recommended | Surface water source monitoring frequency | drinking water | requirement | quarterly frequency | Monitoring of surface water should be conducted quarterly with weekly monitoring during summer/fall in lakes and reservoirs subject to stratification. | Standard monitoring for surface water sources. | high |
| #P009 | operational | reporting | recommended | Surface water source monitoring frequency (summer/fall) | drinking water | requirement | weekly frequency | Weekly monitoring during summer/fall in lakes and reservoirs subject to stratification and/or large fluctuations in manganese concentrations. | In lakes and reservoirs subject to stratification and/or large fluctuations. | high |
| #P010 | operational | reporting | recommended | Groundwater source monitoring frequency | drinking water | requirement | semi-annually frequency | Groundwater sources should be monitored semi-annually. | Standard monitoring for groundwater sources. | high |
| #P011 | operational | reporting | recommended | Compliance monitoring frequency | drinking water | requirement | quarterly frequency | At a minimum, routine monitoring is recommended to be conducted quarterly. | Conducted primarily at consumers taps. | high |
| #P012 | operational | reporting | recommended | Private well testing frequency | drinking water | requirement | 1 time/year | Homeowners with private wells are also encouraged to have their water tested for manganese once a year. | To ensure concentration in their water supply is below the MAC. | high |
| #P013 | chemical | health | guideline | Tolerable daily intake (TDI) for manganese | drinking water | requirement | 0.025 mg/kg body weight per day | The TDI for manganese is 0.025 mg/kg body weight per day. | Based on neurological effects occurring from postnatal exposure to manganese in rats. | high |
| #P014 | physical | aesthetic | guideline | 1987 Aesthetic Objective | drinking water | AO | 0.05 mg/L | The existing guideline on manganese, last updated in 1987, established an aesthetic objective (AO) of 0.05 mg/L (50 µg/L). | Historical value based on treatment limitations, taste, and staining of laundry and plumbing fixtures. | high |
| #P015 | operational | treatment | recommended | Free chlorine across media (regeneration) | drinking water | OG | 0.5 to 1.0 mg/L | Maintaining a free chlorine concentration of 0.5 to 1.0 mg/L across the media results in regeneration of MnOx(s) coatings. | Applies to manganese greensand and MnOx-coated conventional filter media. | high |
| #P016 | operational | treatment | recommended | Biofiltration dissolved oxygen | drinking water | OG | >= 5 mg/L | Operating conditions required to establish an adequate MOB population include maintaining aerobic conditions with a minimum dissolved oxygen (DO) level of 5 mg/L. | Required to maintain manganese-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) in filters. | high |
| #P017 | operational | treatment | recommended | Biofiltration pH | drinking water | OG | >= 6.3 unitless | Operating conditions required to establish an adequate MOB population include a pH equal to or greater than 6.3. | Required for establishment of an adequate MOB population. | high |
| #P018 | unknown | health | recommended | Adequate Intake (AI) for infants (0-6 months) | drinking water | requirement | 0.003 mg/day | The established AIs are 0.003 mg/day for infants 0-6 months. | Nutritional requirement. | high |
| #P019 | unknown | health | recommended | Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for adults | drinking water | requirement | 11 mg/day | Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) were set at 11 mg/day for adults. | Based on absence of effects in healthy adults consuming a Western-type diet. | high |
| #P020 | chemical | health | guideline | WHO Health-based value | drinking water | requirement | 0.4 mg/L | The World Health Organization established a health-based value of 0.4 mg/L. | Based on an absence of effect in a composite of dietary studies. | high |
| #P021 | operational | reporting | guidance | Reduced Monitoring Threshold | drinking water | requirement | <= 0.02 mg/L | Authorities may consider reduced monitoring when it has been demonstrated that manganese is present at concentrations equal to or below 0.02 mg/L in the source water. | Source water demonstrated low manganese levels. | high |
| #P022 | unknown | health | mandatory | Infant Formula Manganese Minimum | drinking water | requirement | 5 μg/100 Kcal | A minimum of 5 μg of manganese/100 Kcal (3.33 μg/100 mL of ready-to-feed infant formula) is indicated by the Canadian Food and Drug Regulations. | Per Canadian Food and Drug Regulations. | high |
| #P023 | chemical | health | guideline | Minnesota DH Guidance (Children > 1yr/Adults) | drinking water | requirement | 0.3 mg/L | Minnesota Department of Health established 0.3 mg/L for children > 1 year old and adults. | International consideration for non-infant populations. | high |
| #P024 | chemical | health | guidance | US EPA Health Advisory | drinking water | requirement | 0.3 mg/L | A non-regulatory health advisory of 0.3 mg/L was published by the U.S. EPA. | Based on absence of effects in dietary intake studies. | high |
| #P025 | chemical | health | guideline | Australian Health Guideline | drinking water | requirement | 0.5 mg/L | The Australian Drinking Water Guidelines report a health-based guideline of 0.5 mg/L. | Derived from WHO safe exposure amounts. | high |
| #P026 | unknown | health | recommended | Adequate Intake (AI) for infants (6-12 months) | other | requirement | 0.6 mg/day | The established AIs are 0.6 mg/day for infants 6-12 months. | Nutritional requirement based on median intake data. | high |
| #P027 | unknown | health | recommended | Adequate Intake (AI) for children (1-3 years) | other | requirement | 1.2 mg/day | The established AIs are 1.2 mg/day for children 1-3 years old. | Nutritional requirement based on median intake data. | high |
| #P028 | unknown | health | recommended | Adequate Intake (AI) for children (4-8 years) | other | requirement | 1.5 mg/day | The established AIs are 1.5 mg/day for children 4-8 years old. | Nutritional requirement based on median intake data. | high |
| #P029 | unknown | health | recommended | Adequate Intake (AI) for adult males | other | requirement | 2.3 mg/day | The established AIs are 2.3 mg/day for adult males. | Nutritional requirement based on median intake data. | high |
| #P030 | unknown | health | recommended | Adequate Intake (AI) for adult females | other | requirement | 1.8 mg/day | The established AIs are 1.8 mg/day for adult females. | Nutritional requirement based on median intake data. | high |
| #P031 | unknown | health | recommended | Adequate Intake (AI) for pregnant females | other | requirement | 2.0 mg/day | The established AIs are 2.0 mg per day for pregnant females. | Nutritional requirement based on median intake data. | high |
| #P032 | unknown | health | recommended | Adequate Intake (AI) for breastfeeding females | other | requirement | 2.6 mg/day | The established AIs are 2.6 mg/day for breastfeeding females. | Nutritional requirement based on median intake data. | high |
| #P033 | unknown | health | recommended | Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for children | other | requirement | 2 to 6 mg/day | Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) were set at 2-6 mg/day for children 1-18 years old. | Nutritional limit to prevent excessive intake. | high |
| #P034 | unknown | health | recommended | Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for pregnant and lactating women | other | requirement | 9 to 11 mg/day | Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) were set at 9-11 mg/day for pregnant and lactating women. | Nutritional limit to prevent excessive intake. | high |
| #P035 | unknown | health | recommended | Parenterally-fed neonates recommendation | other | requirement | 1 µg Mn/kg bw per day | Reports recommend 1 µg Mn/kg bw per day for parenterally-fed neonates (3-10 kg). | For neonates weighing 3-10 kg receiving parenteral nutrition. | high |
| #P036 | chemical | health | guideline | Minnesota DH Guidance (Infants < 1 yr) | drinking water | requirement | 0.1 mg/L | Minnesota Department of Health established 0.1 mg/L for infants less than 1 year old. | Based on the same endpoint (Kern et al. 2010) used by Health Canada. | high |
| #P037 | physical | aesthetic | guideline | Australian Aesthetic Guideline | drinking water | AO | 0.1 mg/L | The Australian Drinking Water Guidelines report an aesthetic guideline of 0.1 mg/L. | Based on plant experience with respect to consumer acceptance. | high |
| #P038 | unknown | health | guideline | Codex Infant Formula Minimum | other | requirement | 1 μg manganese/100 kcal | The Expert Panel and Codex Committee set a minimum of 1 μg manganese/100 kcal for infant formula. | Applies to formulas intended as substitutes for breast milk. | high |
| #P039 | unknown | health | guideline | Codex Infant Formula Maximum (GUL) | other | requirement | 100 μg manganese/100 kcal | The Expert Panel and Codex Committee set a guidance upper level (GUL) of 100 μg manganese/100 kcal for infant formula. | Equivalent to 67 μg/100 mL of infant formula. | high |
| #P040 | operational | treatment | recommended | Biofiltration Redox Potential | drinking water | OG | 300 to 400 mV | Operating conditions required to establish an adequate MOB population include a redox potential of 300 to 400 mV. | For establishment of manganese-oxidizing bacteria population in filters. | high |
| #P041 | physical | operational | mandatory | Turbidity threshold for acid digestion | drinking water | requirement | > 1 NTU | EPA methods 200.7, 200.8 and 200.9 and SM 3111B, SM 3113B, SM 3120B and SM 3125B require acid digestion of samples only when the turbidity of the acid-preserved sample is greater than one (1) nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU). | Standard preparation for specified analytical methods | high |
| #P042 | design | treatment | recommended | Membrane filter pore diameter for fractionation | drinking water | requirement | 0.22 to 0.45 µm | Membrane filters with pore diameter sizes between 0.22 to 0.45 µm are recommended for fractionating dissolved and particulate manganese. | Used for fractionating dissolved and particulate manganese fractions | high |
| #P043 | physical | operational | guidance | Colloidal manganese particle size threshold | drinking water | requirement | < 0.20 µm | Colloidal manganese is typically defined as manganese oxide particles that are < 0.20 µm and > 30,000 daltons. | Physical definition of colloidal fraction | high |
| #P044 | physical | operational | guidance | Colloidal manganese molecular weight threshold | drinking water | requirement | > 30,000 daltons | Colloidal manganese is typically defined as manganese oxide particles that are < 0.20 µm and > 30,000 daltons. | Molecular weight definition of colloidal fraction | high |
| #P045 | operational | treatment | recommended | MnOx-coated media filtration applied pH | drinking water | OG | >= 6.0 pH units | The key operational conditions for this process to function properly... include... a filter applied pH of 6.0 or higher. | Operational requirement for induced oxide-coated media filtration | high |
| #P046 | operational | treatment | guidance | pH for effective oxidation with chlorine | drinking water | OG | > 9 pH units | Oxidation using chlorine and oxygen is not effective unless pH is greater than 9 or 9.5, respectively. | Required for chemical oxidation of Mn(II) to be kinetically effective | high |
| #P047 | operational | treatment | guidance | pH for effective oxidation with oxygen | drinking water | OG | > 9.5 pH units | Oxidation using chlorine and oxygen is not effective unless pH is greater than 9 or 9.5, respectively. | Required for chemical oxidation of Mn(II) to be kinetically effective | high |
| #P048 | unknown | health | guidance | Average infant body weight (0-6 months) | drinking water | requirement | 7 kg | 7 kg is the average body weight of an infant (0–6 months) (Health Canada, 1999). | Factor used in health-based value calculation | high |
| #P049 | unknown | health | guidance | Daily tap water consumption (infant 0-6 months) | drinking water | requirement | 0.75 L/day | 0.75 L per day is the estimated daily volume of tap water consumed by a bottle-fed infant in the 0–6 months age group. | Factor used in health-based value calculation | high |
| #P050 | unknown | health | guidance | Source allocation factor for drinking water | drinking water | requirement | 0.5 unitless | 0.5 is the allocation factor estimated for drinking water. | Denotes the contribution of drinking water to the tolerable daily intake for bottle-fed infants | high |
| #P051 | operational | operational | recommended | Daily treatment plant monitoring frequency | drinking water | requirement | 1 time/day | Surface water treatment plants where manganese concentrations fluctuate and oxidation and filtration are used for treatment may need to monitor daily. | Applicable to surface water plants with fluctuating manganese levels. | high |
| #P052 | chemical | health | guidance | US EPA Health Advisory (1-day and 10-day) | drinking water | requirement | 1 mg/L | Only 1.5% of the manganese deposit would need to be released to exceed the U.S. EPA Health Advisory values of 1 mg Mn/L for both 1 day and 10 days. | Short-term exposure limits mentioned in distribution system risk context. | high |
| #P053 | chemical | health | recommended | Natural health product recommended dose range | other | requirement | 0.13 to 9 mg/day | The Health Canada recommended doses in natural health products are between 0.13 and 9 mg/day for adults. | For natural health products in Canada. | high |
| #P054 | chemical | health | guideline | LOAEL for neurodevelopmental effects (rat) | drinking water | requirement | 25 mg/kg bw per day | These studies identified a LOAEL of 25 mg Mn/kg bw per day for various neurological endpoints in rats. | Key toxicological point of departure for the 0.1 mg/L MAC derivation. | high |
| Req ID | Category | Name | Context | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #D001 | Total manganese | the sum concentration of both the dissolved and particulate (suspended) fractions of a water sample and is analyzed using methods to determine total recoverable manganese. | high | |
| #D002 | MRL | an estimate of the lowest concentration minimum reporting level or LCMRL that is achievable by the analyst with 95% confidence at least 75% of the time | high | |
| #D003 | Colloidal manganese | manganese oxide particles that are < 0.20 µm and > 30,000 daltons. | high | |
| #D004 | bioavailability | the fraction that enters into the systemic circulation, i.e., excluding the part excreted in the bile after the first-pass effect in the liver | high | |
| #D005 | AI | adequate intake | high | |
| #D006 | ANSI | American National Standards Institute | high | |
| #D007 | AO | aesthetic objective | high | |
| #D008 | ATP | adenosine triphosphate | high | |
| #D009 | BBB | blood-brain barrier | high | |
| #D010 | CAS | Chemical Abstracts Service | high | |
| #D011 | CI | confidence interval | high | |
| #D012 | CNS | central nervous system | high | |
| #D013 | CSF | cerebral spinal fluid | high | |
| #D014 | DBP | disinfectant by-product | high | |
| #D015 | DO | dissolved oxygen | high | |
| #D016 | DOC | dissolved organic carbon | high | |
| #D017 | EPA | Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.) | high | |
| #D018 | GAC | granular activated carbon | high | |
| #D019 | GCI | McCarthy general cognitive index | high | |
| #D020 | HAAs | haloacetic acids | high | |
| #D021 | HBV | health-based value | high | |
| #D022 | ICP-AES | inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy | high | |
| #D023 | ICP-MS | inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry | high | |
| #D024 | IQ | intelligence quotient | high | |
| #D025 | LOAEL | lowest-observed-adverse-effectlevel | high | |
| #D026 | MAC | maximum acceptable concentration | high | |
| #D027 | MDL | method detection limit | high | |
| #D028 | MnB | manganese concentration in blood | high | |
| #D029 | MnH | manganese concentration in hair | high | |
| #D030 | MnUmbi | manganese concentration in umbilical serum | high | |
| #D031 | MnW | manganese concentration in water | high | |
| #D032 | MOB | manganese-oxidizing bacteria | high | |
| #D033 | MRL | minimum reporting level | high | |
| #D034 | MIREC | Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals | high | |
| #D035 | NOAEL | no-observed-adverse-effect level | high | |
| #D036 | NBNA | neonatal behavioural neurological assessments | high | |
| #D037 | NOM | natural organic matter | high | |
| #D038 | NSF | NSF International | high | |
| #D039 | ORP | oxidation/reduction potential | high | |
| #D040 | PBPK | physiologically based pharmacokinetic | high | |
| #D041 | POE | point-of-entry | high | |
| #D042 | POU | point-of-use | high | |
| #D043 | PQL | practical quantitation level | high | |
| #D044 | PVC | polyvinyl chloride | high | |
| #D045 | RO | reverse osmosis | high | |
| #D046 | SCC | Standards Council of Canada | high | |
| #D047 | SD | standard deviation | high | |
| #D048 | SM | Standard Method | high | |
| #D049 | TDI | tolerable daily intake | high | |
| #D050 | TDS | total diet study | high | |
| #D051 | Tf | transferrin | high | |
| #D052 | THMs | trihalomethanes | high | |
| #D053 | UCMR3 | third Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule | high | |
| #D054 | UL | tolerable upper intake level | high | |
| #D055 | WHO | World Health Organization | high | |
| #D056 | MnOx(s) | manganese oxide solids that can exist in several oxidation states (e.g., Mn(III) and Mn(IV)) | high | |
| #D057 | IOCME | induced oxide-coated media effect | high | |
| #D058 | EAR | Estimated Average Requirement | high | |
| #D059 | MAO | monoamine oxidase | high | |
| #D060 | DMT-1 | divalent metal transporter 1 (also known as DCT-1 or nramp-2) | high | |
| #D061 | DOPAC | 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid | high | |
| #D062 | 5-HT | 5-hydroxytryptamine | high | |
| #D063 | DAT | dopamine transporter | high | |
| #D064 | NET | Na+/Cl- dependent dopamine transporter | medium | |
| #D065 | Glu | Glutamate | high | |
| #D066 | manganism | a clinical neurological disease characterized by generalized cognitive and motor disturbances, including bradykinesia, widespread rigidity, gait disturbances, falling, dystonia, difficulty walking backwards, and speech difficulties. | high | |
| #D067 | Sequestration | a control measure to limit the aesthetic water quality problems associated with oxidation of dissolved Mn(II) to form MnOx(s) particles within the distribution system. | high | |
| #D068 | manganese greensand | a granular filter medium processed from glauconite sand, synthetically coated with a thin layer of manganese base material (manganous ions) which is then converted to a MnOx(s) coating by conditioning the greensand in a potassium permanganate or chlorine solution. | high | |
| #D069 | pyrolusite | the mineral form of MnO2(s). | high | |
| #D070 | GI | gastrointestinal | high | |
| #D071 | GFAP | glial fibrillary acidic protein | high | |
| #D072 | NOS2 | nitric oxide synthase 2 | high | |
| #D073 | NE | norepinephrine | high | |
| #D074 | RBC | red blood cell | high | |
| #D075 | GnRH | gonadotropin-releasing hormone | high | |
| #D076 | LH | luteinizing hormone | high | |
| #D077 | FSH | follicle-stimulating hormone | high | |
| #D078 | LHRH | luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone | high | |
| #D079 | IGF-1 | insulin-like growth factor-1 | high | |
| #D080 | COX-2 | cyclooxygenase-2 | high | |
| #D081 | SCE | sister chromatid exchange | high | |
| #D082 | GABA | gamma-aminobutyric acid | high | |
| #D083 | Gln | glutamine | high | |
| #D084 | DNMT | DNA methyltransferase protein | high | |
| #D085 | bioaccessibility | the proportion of manganese in a solid matrix that is potentially biologically available for absorption | high | |
| #D086 | DA | dopamine | high | |
| #D087 | LCMRL | lowest concentration minimum reporting level | high | |
| #D088 | NTU | nephelometric turbidity unit | high | |
| #D089 | MWCO | molecular weight cut-off | high | |
| #D090 | NAPS | National Air Pollution Surveillance | high | |
| #D091 | MBH | medial basal hypothalamus | high | |
| #D092 | POA/AVPV | preoptic area / anteroventral periventricular | high | |
| #D093 | PM | particulate matter | high | |
| #D094 | LD50 | median oral lethal doses | high | |
| #D095 | MMT | methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl | high | |
| #D096 | GUL | guidance upper level | high | |
| #D097 | GFAA | stabilized temperature graphite furnace atomic absorption | high | |
| #D098 | TH | tyrosine hydroxylase | high | |
| #D099 | CDW | Federal-Provincial-Territorial Committee on Drinking Water | high | |
| #D100 | AchE | acetylcholinesterase | high | |
| #D101 | CPP | conditioned place preference | high |